Early Budget Impact Analysis of Artificial Intelligence to Support the Review of Radiographic Examinations for Suspected Fractures in National Health Service Emergency Departments.

Objectives: To develop an early budget impact analysis of and inform future research on the national adoption of a commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) application to support clinicians reviewing radiographs for suspected fractures across National Health Service (NHS) emergency departments (ED) in England.

Methods: A decision tree framework was coded to assess a change in outcomes for suspected fractures in adults when AI fracture detection was integrated into the clinical workflow over a 1-year time horizon. Standard of care was the comparator scenario, and the ground truth reference cases were characterized by radiology report findings.

Rates of cortical thinning in Alzheimer's disease signature regions associate with vascular burden but not with β-amyloid status in cognitively normal adults at age 70.

Background: Consistent patterns of reduced cortical thickness have been identified in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the pathological factors that influence rates of cortical thinning within these AD signature regions remain unclear.

Methods: Participants were from the Insight 46 substudy of the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD; 1946 British birth cohort), a prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Neuroimaging, clinical and life course correlates of normal-appearing white matter integrity in 70-year-olds.

We investigate associations between normal-appearing white matter microstructural integrity in cognitively normal ∼70-year-olds and concurrently measured brain health and cognition, demographics, genetics and life course cardiovascular health. Participants born in the same week in March 1946 (British 1946 birth cohort) underwent PET-MRI around age 70. Mean standardized normal-appearing white matter integrity metrics (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, neurite density index and orientation dispersion index) were derived from diffusion MRI.

Life course, genetic, and neuropathological associations with brain age in the 1946 British Birth Cohort: a population-based study.

Background: A neuroimaging-based biomarker termed the brain age is thought to reflect variability in the brain's ageing process and predict longevity. Using Insight 46, a unique narrow-age birth cohort, we aimed to examine potential drivers and correlates of brain age.

Methods: Participants, born in a single week in 1946 in mainland Britain, have had 24 prospective waves of data collection to date, including MRI and amyloid PET imaging at approximately 70 years old.

Associations of β-Amyloid and Vascular Burden With Rates of Neurodegeneration in Cognitively Normal Members of the 1946 British Birth Cohort.

Background And Objectives: The goals of this work were to quantify the independent and interactive associations of β-amyloid (Aβ) and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), a marker of presumed cerebrovascular disease (CVD), with rates of neurodegeneration and to examine the contributions of ε4 and vascular risk measured at different stages of adulthood in cognitively normal members of the 1946 British Birth Cohort.

Methods: Participants underwent brain MRI and florbetapir-Aβ PET as part of Insight 46, an observational population-based study. Changes in whole-brain, ventricular, and hippocampal volume were directly measured from baseline and repeat volumetric T1 MRI with the boundary shift integral.

Predictive Factors for Conversion to Dementia in Individuals with Early-Onset Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Introduction: There is little research on factors predicting conversion to dementia in early-onset mild cognitive impairment (eoMCI), a transitional stage between healthy ageing and dementia in individuals below the age of 65. We aimed to examine whether sociodemographic and clinical factors at initial presentation predicted dementia progression in a cohort of eoMCI patients attending a memory service, at a university teaching hospital in the UK.

Methods: This is a retrospective case note study of individuals diagnosed with eoMCI between 2000 and 2013 at the Younger Person's Memory Service (YPMS) in Leicestershire, England.

Same day embolisation followed by microsurgical resection of brain arteriovenous malformations: a single centre early experience.

Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to report our experience of treating cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in adults with pre-operative embolisation and microsurgical resection on the same day during a single anaesthetic at a single centre between April 2016 and December 2018. We included both elective AVM and AVM that had bled acutely.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed data from patients with cerebral AVMs who underwent embolisation followed by microsurgical resection on the same day at a single neurosurgical centre.

Metagenomic Exploration of the Marine Sponge Uncovers Multiple Polyketide-Producing Bacterial Symbionts.

Marine sponges have been a prolific source of unique bioactive compounds that are presumed to act as a deterrent to predation. Many of these compounds have potential therapeutic applications; however, the lack of efficient and sustainable synthetic routes frequently limits clinical development. Here, we describe a metagenomic investigation of , a chemically gifted marine sponge that possesses multiple distinct chemotypes.

Pineal cyst surveillance in adults - a review of 10 years' experience.

Pineal cysts are common benign incidental findings in adults. There are no commonly accepted criteria for follow up or indications for intervention. We looked at our outcomes for this condition to explore their natural history and review our surveillance criteria.

Driving Cessation in Patients Attending a Young-Onset Dementia Clinic: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Although driving by persons with dementia is an important public health concern, little is known about driving cessation in younger people with dementia. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors affecting driving cessation in individuals with and without dementia aged under 65 years attending a memory clinic in a European setting.

Methods: Subjects were consecutive patients assessed at a specialist memory service at a university teaching hospital between 2000 and 2010.

Spontaneous haemorrhage into a large abducens nerve schwannoma: a case report.

Abducens schwannomas are rare tumors that are not known to present with acute haemorrhage. We present a case of a 59 year-old female on warfarin who presented acutely with a sudden onset headache, nausea and photophobia. Neuroimaging revealed an acute haemorrhage into a lesion that entered Dorello's canal and was consistent with an abducens nerve schwannoma.

The Flavin Reductase MsuE Is a Novel Nitroreductase that Can Efficiently Activate Two Promising Next-Generation Prodrugs for Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy.

Bacterial nitroreductase enzymes that can efficiently catalyse the oxygen-independent reduction of prodrugs originally developed to target tumour hypoxia offer great potential for expanding the therapeutic range of these molecules to aerobic tumour regions, via the emerging cancer strategy of gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT). Two promising hypoxia prodrugs for GDEPT are the dinitrobenzamide mustard PR-104A, and the nitrochloromethylbenzindoline prodrug nitro-CBI-DEI. We describe here use of a nitro-quenched fluorogenic probe to identify MsuE from Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a novel nitroreductase candidate for GDEPT.