The Role of Tumor-associated Macrophages in Colorectal Peritoneal Metastasis in Mice.

Introduction: In the tumor microenvironment, macrophages function as M1 macrophages, which cause cytotoxicity to tumor cells in the early stages, and M2 macrophages, which contribute to the proliferation of cancer cells in the late stages. This study aimed to examine the mechanism of action of macrophages in ascites using a peritoneal dissemination mouse model of colorectal cancer.

Materials And Methods: Mouse models of peritoneal dissemination were created by injecting murine colorectal cancer cells into the abdominal cavity of non-obese diabetic/severely combined immunodeficient mice.

Experience with Laparoscopic Surgery for Rectal Obstruction Caused by Intestinal Endometriosis with a Frozen Pelvis: A Case Report.

Introduction: While intestinal obstruction is common, intestinal endometriosis is relatively rare, making its etiology still poorly understood. We report a case of rectal obstruction caused by intestinal endometriosis with a frozen pelvis, treated with laparoscopy in collaboration with gynecologists.

Case Presentation: A 39-year-old female patient was diagnosed with rectal obstruction resulting from endometriosis with a frozen pelvis by her previous physician and subsequently treated with a transverse colon stoma for rectal obstruction and hormonal therapy for endometriosis.

[A Case of Rectal Cancer with Lateral Lymph Node, Liver and Lung Metastases after Surgery, Successfully Undergoing Radical Resection with Multidisciplinary Treatment].

The patient is a 50s-year-old man. He had a past history of familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)and was diagnosed with hereditary multiple colorectal cancer(RS, Rb). Therefore, he underwent total colectomy with ileostomy.

Prognostic Impact of the Postoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level after Curative Resection of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate whether preoperative or postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with a new cut-off value is more optimal for predicting long-term outcomes in patients with Stage II/III rectal cancer, and to investigate the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (POAC) based on the CEA values.

Methods: Serum CEA levels were measured preoperatively (pre-CEA) and postoperatively (post-CEA). The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was used to determine a cut-off for CEA.

Effects of Diverting Stoma Creation in Minimally Invasive Surgery for Rectal Cancer.

Objectives: In rectal cancer surgery, a diverting stoma (DS) is used to prevent severe anastomotic leakage (AL), peritonitis, reoperation, and longer hospitalization. DS creation has increased in the last few decades, without establishment of clear criteria for construction of a DS. Therefore, the goal of the study was to investigate the validity of DS construction based on risk factors for AL, as an approach to reduce the number of stoma creations.

Postoperative urinary dysfunction following lateral lymph node dissection for rectal cancer via minimally invasive surgery.

Background: Lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is performed widely since it reduces local recurrence. However, there are some disadvantages to LLND, including technical difficulties and association with postoperative urinary dysfunction. Procedures for LARC have also become more minimally invasive: laparoscopic surgery (LS) has become more common, and use of robot-assisted LS (RALS) is increasing.

Three Surgical Cases of Cecal Volvulus.

Cecal volvulus (CV) is a relatively rare disease; however, it often requires emergency surgery due to the low success rate of endoscopic treatment, in contrast to sigmoid volvulus. The mechanism of CV involves a mobile cecum at the base, triggered by factors such as constipation, high-fiber diets, laxative use, history of laparotomy or laparoscopic surgery, pregnancy, and prior colonoscopy, which twists the ileocecal region. Although CV is a benign disease, it can be fatal if treatment is delayed, so it is crucial to understand the pathophysiology and treatment.

Use of 3D-CT-derived psoas major muscle volume in defining sarcopenia in colorectal cancer.

Background: Sarcopenia is characterized by reduced skeletal muscle volume and is a condition that is prevalent among elderly patients and associated with poor prognosis as a comorbidity in malignancies. Given the aging population over 80 years old in Japan, an understanding of malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC), complicated by sarcopenia is increasingly important. Therefore, the focus of this study is on a novel and practical diagnostic approach of assessment of psoas major muscle volume (PV) using 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) in diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients with CRC.

Positive Circumferential Resection Margin in Rectal Cancer Is a Robust Predictor of Poor Long-term Prognosis With Clinicopathological Bias Between Groups Compensated by Propensity-score Matching Analysis.

Background/aim: Circumferential resection margin (CRM) is the most reliable predictor of local and distant recurrence in locally-advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The present study was conducted to compare the long-term outcomes between CRM (+) and (-) groups using propensity-score (PS) matching analysis to compensate for bias between groups.

Patients And Methods: Of 563 consecutive patients with Stage II/III rectal cancer who were treated surgically with curative-intent at Juntendo University Hospital between Jan 1989 and Mar 2018, 412 patients were enrolled retrospectively in the study.

[A Case of Cecum Cancer with Lymph Node Metastasis and Invasion in the Superior Mesenteric Vein Treated with Combined SMV Resection and Reconstruction].

The patient was a 77-year-old woman. She visited her family doctor with a complaint of bloody stools, and was pointed out a Type 3 colon cancer in the cecum with a colonoscopy. In addition, an enlarged lymph node(#203)was found on the right side of the superior mesenteric vein(SMV).

Risk factors for small-bowel obstruction after colectomy for colorectal cancer: a retrospective study.

Purpose: Postoperative adhesions are a concerning complication of abdominal surgery with major implications on quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for postoperative small-bowel obstruction (SBO) after colectomy for colorectal cancer.

Methods: We reviewed the clinicopathological variables of 1646 patients who underwent colectomy for colorectal cancer between 2009 and 2018.

Examination of colorectal cancer cases with metal allergy.

Purpose: To report our initiatives and treatment results for patients with colorectal cancer with metal allergy.

Methods: A total of 27 patients (2.6%) with a history of metal contact dermatitis were identified among 1027 patients who underwent curative resection of colorectal cancer from 2014 to 2020.

Local recurrence of submucosal invasive colorectal cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection revealed by copy number variation.

We report a case in which analysis of copy number variation revealed local recurrence of submucosal invasive colorectal cancer after curative endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). An 86-year-old man with a history of abdominoperineal resection of the rectum for rectal cancer underwent resection with ESD for early-stage sigmoid cancer 5 cm away from the stoma opening. At the same time, ileocecal resection was performed for advanced cecal cancer.

[A Case of Recurrence in the Abdominal Wall and Perineal Region of Rectal Cancer Successfully Treated with Minimally Invasive Surgery and Radiation Therapy].

Local recurrence after rectal cancer surgery is often difficult to treat because there are few effective treatments. In this study, we report a case of parastomal and perineal recurrence after Miles' surgery in an elderly patient who had a favorable outcome after laparoscopic surgery and radiation therapy. Our results suggest that a combination of minimally invasive treatment may be effective in elderly patients and after polysurgery.

[A Case Report of a Giant GIST Markedly Responsive to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with Imatinib Mesylate].

Male in his 50s complaining of abdominal pain was referred to our hospital. Abdominal CT scan showed a giant tumor which had diameter of approximately 50 mm in lower rectum. A biopsy specimen was positive for CD34 and c-kit.

Benefits and risks of diverting stoma creation during rectal cancer surgery.

Purpose: A consensus has been reached regarding diverting stoma (DS) construction in rectal cancer surgery to avoid reoperation related to anastomotic leakage. However, the incidence of stoma-related complications (SRCs) remains high. In this study, we examined the perioperative outcomes of DS construction in patients who underwent sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer.

Study of Purse-string Skin Closure Plus Negative-pressure Wound Therapy for Stoma Closure.

Background: Although purse-string skin closure (PSC) is an effective method for stoma closure considering wound infection, the period for scarring will be prolonged. The aim of this study was to assess whether negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) can reduce the wound-scarring period for PSC after stoma closure.

Methods: Patients who underwent stoma closure between January 2015 and August 2020 at our department were retrospectively assessed.

[A Case Report for Peritoneal Recurrences by Laparoscopic Surgery after Colorectal Cancer Resection].

We report a cases report of colorectal cancer who underwent repeated resection for peritoneal recurrences by laparoscopic surgery. In 2013, a 70-year-old woman diagnosed with an ascending colon cancer underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. The pathological diagnosis was tub2, pT4aN1M0, Stage Ⅲb.

CHFR-Promoter-Methylation Status Is Predictive of Response to Irinotecan-based Systemic Chemotherapy in Advanced Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aim: We investigated whether promoter methylation of the checkpoint-with-forkhead-and-ring-finger-domains (CHFR) gene is a predictor of the efficacy of irinotecan-based systemic chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Materials And Methods: CHFR-promoter methylation was measured by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). The histoculture drug response assay (HDRA) was used in vitro to analyze the correlation between CHFR-promoter methylation and the efficacy of the irinotecan-active-metabolite SN38 in colorectal-cancer tissues from 44 CRC patients.

Analysis of ileostomy stool samples reveals dysbiosis in patients with high-output stomas.

Construction of a diverting stoma can significantly reduce the onset of severe anastomotic leakage in patients with rectal cancer. High-output stoma is one of the most important potential surgical complications after anal function-preserving surgery with ileostomy. Culture-independent techniques have revealed the interaction of the complex intestinal bacterial ecology with various diseases.

Rectal metastasis from bladder urothelial carcinoma: a case report.

Background: Urothelial carcinoma arises from transitional cells in the urothelial tract. In advanced cases, it can metastasize locally to surrounding organs or distally to organs such as the lungs, bones, or liver. Here we describe a case of rectal metastasis from urothelial carcinoma treated with multiple sessions of transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).