Usefulness and Limitations of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the Diagnosis and Management of Toxoplasmosis Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant: Single-center Experience With 31 Patients Over 16 Years.

Background: Toxoplasmosis is an early post-transplant complication in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), typically arising from reactivation of latent infection. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has improved detection.

Methods: Single-center, retrospective review of allogeneic HCT recipients who developed toxoplasmosis from August 2008 to November 2024.

Clinical significance and antifungal susceptibility profile of 103 clinical isolates of species complex and obtained from NIH patients.

Reduced susceptibility to antifungals is common among members of genera and , with optimal treatments still not fully defined. antifungal susceptibility results and clinical data do not comprehensively account for the advent of new species identified by molecular phylogenetics. Using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methodology, we tested a total of 103 clinical isolates obtained from patients at the NIH Clinical Center.

Mucormycosis.

Mucormycosis is an aggressive and frequently lethal disease. Most patients with mucormycosis have poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and rhino-orbito-cerebral disease. Patients with hematologic malignancy and transplant recipients mostly present with rhino-orbito-cerebral or pulmonary disease.

Infections and antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.

Infectious complications are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Preventing infections could significantly improve both survival and quality of life. Unfortunately, both infections and antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients with MDS are incompletely assessed due to the heterogeneity of disorders included in each publication, changing definitions over time, and lack of standardized prophylaxis practices.

Disseminated Tuberculosis With an Atypical Cutaneous Manifestation in a Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Patient in the Early Posttransplant Period: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

We describe an unusual case of posttransplant tuberculosis reactivation in a man who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. Concomitant with disseminated adenovirus infection, reactivation of tuberculosis manifested as disseminated, nonfollicular pustules on day +49. Skin biopsy was obtained on day +50.

Skull base osteomyelitis in patients with head and neck cancer: Diagnosis, management, and outcomes in a case series of 23 patients.

Background: Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is an infection of the central cranial bones, most commonly resulting from contiguous spread of infection from adjacent head and neck structures. SBO is a well-recognized complication of treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) that results in significant morbidity.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of HNC patients diagnosed with SBO.

Multilocular Thymic Cyst in a Patient with Untreated HIV/AIDS: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Multilocular thymic cysts (MTCs) in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are rarely reported.

Case Presentation: We describe a case of symptomatic MTC in a male with untreated HIV. A presumptive diagnosis was established based on radiographic imaging and biopsy.

Concurrent Trypanosoma cruzi and Cytomegalovirus Reactivation in an Immunosuppressed Patient With Limited Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis.

Chagas disease, a multisystem infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is primarily found in Latin America. In recent years, prevalence has increased in the United States, where reactivation is the most common clinical scenario. Here, we describe cutaneous reactivation of T.

Estradiol regulates large dense core vesicles in the hippocampus of adult female rats.

Previous work has shown that the steroid hormone estradiol facilitates the release of anticonvulsant neuropeptides from inhibitory neurons in the hippocampus to suppress seizures. Because neuropeptides are packaged in large dense core vesicles, estradiol may facilitate neuropeptide release through regulation of dense core vesicles. In the current study, we used serial section electron microscopy in the hippocampal CA1 region of adult female rats to test three hypotheses about estradiol regulation of dense core vesicles: (1) Estradiol increases the number of dense core vesicles in axonal boutons, (2) Estradiol increases the size of dense core vesicles in axonal boutons, (3) Estradiol shifts the location of dense core vesicles toward the periphery of axonal boutons, potentially lowering the threshold for neuropeptide release during seizures.