Remarkably stable chelating bis-N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of phosphorus(i) cations.

A convenient one-pot synthesis of chelating bis-N-heterocyclic carbene-ligated P(I) salts is described. The solid state structures of these remarkably stable phosphamethine cyanine dyes with various N-alkyl groups and counter-anions are reported, and initial reactivity results are discussed.

Hepatic expression of HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase triggers innate immune signaling and cytokine production.

Innate immunity controls pathogen replication and spread. Yet, certain pathogens, such as Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), escape immune elimination and establish persistent infections that promote chronic inflammation and related diseases. Whereas HCV regulatory proteins that attenuate antiviral responses are known, those that promote inflammation and liver injury remain to be identified.

Image-guided Radiotherapy Of Esophageal Cancer By Helical Tomotherapy: Acute Toxicity And Preliminary Clinical Outcome.

Background: Helical tomotherapy is a novel intensity-modulated radiotherapy modality with a helical 360° radiation delivery system and CT imaging ability. The purpose of this report is to review our initial experiences and to assess the toxicity and efficacy of helical tomotherapy for esophageal cancer.

Methods: Twenty patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (T3-4 and/or N+ and/or M1a/b) were treated with helical tomotherapy.