Effect of habitual cold exposure on brown adipose tissue activity in Arctic adults: a systematic review.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is crucial for non-shivering thermogenesis, a key adaptation for humans in Arctic environments. The discovery of BAT presence in human adults has ignited curiosity due to its potential role in combating obesity, type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Following PRISMA guidelines and preregistration (PROSPERO CRD42023444511) this systematic review aims to describe the evidence of BAT activity among adults living in the Arctic with habitual cold exposure.

Motor-cognitive interactions in older adults: reliability and comparison of Trail Walking and Stepping Trail Making Tests.

Purpose: Integrated motor-cognitive assessments, such as the Stepping Trail Making Test (S-TMT) and Trail Walking Test (TWT), have shown promise in predicting fall risk and assessing cognitive function. However, their reliability and validity need clarification in European populations.

Methods: This intra-rater test-retest reliability study involved community-dwelling older adults aged 65+.

Perturbation-based balance training of older adults and effects on physiological, cognitive and sociopsychological factors: a secondary analysis from a randomised controlled trial with 12-month follow-up.

Background: Perturbation-based balance training (PBT) has shown promising, although diverging, fall-preventive effects; however, the effects on important physical, cognitive and sociopsychological factors are currently unknown. The study aimed to evaluate these effects on PBT at three different time points (post-training, 6-months and 12-months) in community-dwelling older adults compared with regular treadmill walking.

Methods: This was a preplanned secondary analysis from a randomised, controlled trial performed in Aalborg, Denmark, between March 2021 and November 2022.

Effect of a home-based isometric handgrip training programme on systolic blood pressure in adults: A randomised assessor-blinded trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of 20 weeks of home-based isometric handgrip training (IHT) compared with usual care on systolic blood pressure (SBP) in adults.

Design And Participants: This was a randomised, controlled, assessor-blinded trial. Participants were randomised to either IHT (intervention group) or usual care (control group).

Effect of Treadmill Perturbation-Based Balance Training on Fall Rates in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Falls are common and the leading cause of injuries among older adults, but falls may be attenuated by the promising and time-efficient intervention called perturbation-based balance training (PBT).

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a 4-session treadmill PBT intervention compared with regular treadmill walking on daily-life fall rates among community-dwelling older adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This 12-month, assessor-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 2021 through December 2022 in Aalborg University in Denmark.

Validity and intrarater reliability of a novel device for assessing Plantar flexor strength.

Introduction: Plantar flexor weakness is an identified prospective factor for developing Achilles tendinopathy. Various authors have reported relationships between symptoms and weakness of this muscle group. Despite this relationship, many clinicians and researchers fail to examine Plantar flexor strength due to the cumbersome, stationary and expensive nature of an isokinetic dynamometer (IKD), known as the "Gold Standard".

Absorption rate of subcutaneously infused fluid in ill multimorbid older patients.

Background: Subcutaneous (SC) hydration is a valuable method for treating dehydration in the very old patients. Data are absent on the absorption rate, and the availability of SC infused fluid in the circulation in this group of patients where SC hydration is particularly relevant.

Methods: We performed an explorative study on ill very old (range 78-84 years old) geriatric patients with comorbidities who received an SC infusion of 235 ml isotonic saline containing a technetium-99m pertechnetate tracer.

Effects of treadmill slip and trip perturbation-based balance training on falls in community-dwelling older adults (STABILITY): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Falls among older adults are most frequently caused by slips and trips and can have devastating consequences. Perturbation-based balance training (PBT) have recently shown promising fall preventive effects after even small training dosages. However, the fall preventive effects of PBT delivered on a treadmill are still unknown.

Adverse effects of subcutaneous vs intravenous hydration in older adults: An assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Background: Hydration therapy is essential in the care of the older patient. Subcutaneous (SC) hydration is a relevant method for parenteral hydration, but clinical trials on the subject have methodological shortcomings compared to updated standards.

Design: Assessor-blinded, non-inferiority RCT to explore if SC is a safe alternative to intravenous (IV) hydration.

Association of Body Mass Index With All-Cause Mortality in Acutely Hospitalized Older Patients.

Objectives: The aim was to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in older hospitalized patients taking activities of daily living (ADLs) into account.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: Nationwide population-based study of all patients aged ≥65 years admitted to Danish geriatric medical departments during 2005 to 2014 and included in the National Danish Geriatric Database.

Effects of gait adaptability training on falls and fall-related fractures in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: falls among older adults are common and can have devastating consequences. A novel task-specific exercise modality, gait adaptability training (GAT), has shown promising preventive effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesise the evidence regarding GATs effect on falls and fall-related fractures in community-dwelling older adults.

Predicting falls in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review of prognostic models.

Objective: To systematically review and critically appraise prognostic models for falls in community-dwelling older adults.

Eligibility Criteria: Prospective cohort studies with any follow-up period. Studies had to develop or validate multifactorial prognostic models for falls in community-dwelling older adults (60+ years).

Harms and Benefits of Subcutaneous Hydration in Older Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To review all available original publications on the harms and benefits of subcutaneous (SC) hydration in older patients.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Participants: All studies on SC hydration in older patients without restrictions on design or language.

Activities of daily living at hospital admission and estimated survival time of older patients.

Background: Predicting expected survival time in acutely hospitalised older patients is a clinical challenge.

Objective: To examine if activities of daily living (ADL) assessed by Barthel-Index-100 (Barthel-Index) at hospital admission adds useful information to clinicians on expected survival time in older patients.

Methods: A nationwide population-based cohort study was used.

A cohort study of the effects of multidisciplinary in-patient primary care in older adults.

Purpose: To evaluate short and long-term effects of a multifactorial and multidisciplinary in-patient municipality intervention including training of activities of daily living, cardiovascular exercise, resistance training and social activities on quality-of-life, need-of-care, and physical function in older adults at risk of further functional decline.

Method: A cohort study including data collected rigorously during 3.5 years at an in-patient municipality rehabilitation center in Aalborg, Denmark.

Reliability and agreement of a novel portable laser height metre.

Background: Human height is a simple measure with great applicability. Usually, stadiometers are used to measure height accurately. However, these may be impractical to transport and expensive.

Barthel Index at hospital admission is associated with mortality in geriatric patients: a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study.

Purpose: The Barthel Index (BI)-100 is used to measure geriatric patients' activities of daily living (ADL). The aim of this study was to explore whether BI at hospital admission is associated with mortality.

Patients And Methods: In a nationwide population-based cohort study, patients aged ≥65 years admitted during 2005-2014 to Danish geriatric departments were assessed with BI at admission.

The cognitive complexity of concurrent cognitive-motor tasks reveals age-related deficits in motor performance.

Aging reduces cognitive functions, and such impairments have implications in mental and motor performance. Cognitive function has been recently linked to the risk of falls in older adults. Physical activities have been used to attenuate the declines in cognitive functions and reduce fall incidence, but little is known whether a physically active lifestyle can maintain physical performance under cognitively demanding conditions.

Twenty weeks of isometric handgrip home training to lower blood pressure in hypertensive older adults: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Hypertension markedly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and overall mortality. Lifestyle modifications, such as increased levels of physical activity, are recommended as the first line of anti-hypertensive treatment. A recent systematic review showed that isometric handgrip (IHG) training was superior to traditional endurance and strength training in lowering resting systolic blood pressure (SBP).

Novel Use of the Nintendo Wii Board for Measuring Isometric Lower Limb Strength: A Reproducible and Valid Method in Older Adults.

Background: Portable, low-cost, objective and reproducible assessment of muscle strength in the lower limbs is important as it allows clinicians to precisly track progression of patients undergoing rehabilitation. The Nintendo Wii Balance Board (WBB) is portable, inexpensive, durable, available worldwide, and may serve the above function.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate (1) reproducibility and (2) concurrent validity of the WBB for measuring isometric muscle strength in the lower limb.

Novel use of the Nintendo Wii board as a measure of reaction time: a study of reproducibility in older and younger adults.

Background: Reaction time (RT) has been associated with falls in older adults, but is not routinely tested in clinical practice. A simple, portable, inexpensive and reliable method for measuring RT is desirable for clinical settings. We therefore developed a custom software, which utilizes the portable and low-cost standard Nintendo Wii board (NWB) to record RT.

Very Low Levels of Physical Activity in Older Patients During Hospitalization at an Acute Geriatric Ward: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Lack of activity during hospitalization may contribute to functional decline. The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the time spent walking during hospitalization by geriatric patients referred to physical and/or occupational therapy and (2) the development in time spent walking during hospitalization. In this observational study, 24-hr accelerometer data (ActivPal) were collected from inclusion to discharge in 124 patients at an acute geriatric ward.

Field assessment of balance in 10 to 14 year old children, reproducibility and validity of the Nintendo Wii board.

Background: Because body proportions in childhood are different to those in adulthood, children have a relatively higher centre of mass location. This biomechanical difference and the fact that children's movements have not yet fully matured result in different sway performances in children and adults. When assessing static balance, it is essential to use objective, sensitive tools, and these types of measurement have previously been performed in laboratory settings.