Illicit Anabolic Steroid Use and Cardiovascular Status in Men and Women.

Importance: The illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is common among recreational athletes, yet studies on adverse cardiovascular outcomes, especially in female AAS users, are sparse.

Objective: To assess cardiovascular status in Danish male and female recreational athletes using AAS compared with not using AAS.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study in a single center in Denmark included recreational athletes aged 18 years or older who were active AAS users, previous users (defined as those who discontinued AAS use at least 3 months prior to the study), or nonusers, all recruited from fitness centers between March and December 2022.

Incidence of Autoimmune Diseases in 30,340 Danish Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Compared to 151,520 Controls. A National Cohort Study.

Objective: Autoimmunity can be part of the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but prospective studies on autoimmune disease in population based cohorts are lacking. This study aimed to investigate incidence rates of autoimmune disease in Danish women with PCOS before and after PCOS diagnosis compared to controls.

Design: National register-based study.

Diurnal Urinary Aldosterone Excretion and Potassium Intake During Pregnancy Are Associated With High Normal Blood Pressure in Early Childhood.

Background: Offspring blood pressure (OBP) may be programmed during pregnancy. Accordingly, maternal third-trimester 24-hour urine aldosterone levels are associated with fetoplacental trophic effects. Furthermore, high potassium and low sodium intakes are generally recommended in adults with normal renal function.

Association of gestational thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity with gestational diabetes: a systematic review and individual participant meta-analysis.

Background: Pregnancy is a state of increased metabolic demand that necessitates major changes in endocrine physiology. Gestational thyroid dysfunction and gestational diabetes are common endocrine conditions of pregnancy that frequently coincide. Although the effects of thyroid hormones on glucose metabolism are well documented, important knowledge gaps remain in terms of the extent and clinical relevance of these effects during pregnancy.

Gender-Affirmation Surgery in Denmark: A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study.

Purpose: Gender affirmation surgery (GAS) refers to surgical procedures that align physical appearance with gender identity. Data are limited regarding GAS in national cohort studies and we aimed to assess GAS in Danish transgender persons.

Methods: We conducted a national register-based cohort study in Danish transgender persons.

Muscle strength changes and physical activity during gender-affirming hormone therapy: A systematic review.

Background: Higher muscle strength is associated with improved overall health and lower mortality. Muscle strength changes during gender-affirming hormone therapy is possibly linked to gender-affirming hormone therapy modality, age at initiation, gender-affirming hormone therapy duration, and physical activity.

Aim: To review published literature on muscle strength changes during gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Mental and Physical Health Among Danish Transgender Persons Compared With Cisgender Persons.

Importance: Mental and somatic health is often impaired among transgender persons. Studies regarding coexisting mental and somatic health outcomes among transgender persons are limited.

Objective: To assess health diagnoses and medicine use among transgender persons compared with cisgender controls.

Changes in Adrenal Function and Insufficiency Symptoms After Cessation of Prednisolone.

Importance: The widespread use of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy may result in GC-induced adrenal insufficiency (GIAI), but the prevalence and clinical implications remain uncertain.

Objective: To ascertain the prevalence and symptoms of GIAI.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Cross-sectional multicenter study at 3 Danish hospitals.

The thrombin generation potential increases after feminizing gender-affirming hormone treatment, decreases after masculinizing gender-affirming hormone treatment, and is determined by the hormone treatment regimen.

Background: The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on the overall coagulation potential are not clarified. The global thrombin generation (TG) assay addresses the combined effect of coagulation factors and inhibitors.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate changes in TG after initiation of feminizing or masculinizing GAHT.

Autoimmune diseases in 3812 Danish transgender persons and 38 120 cisgender controls before and after transgender care: a register-based cohort study.

Objective: The risk of autoimmune disease could be increased in transgender (TG) persons and could be affected by TG care. We assessed the risk of autoimmune diseases in TG compared with controls before and after TG care.

Methods: A national register-based Danish cohort study in individuals diagnosed with gender dysphoria year 2000-2021.

Musculoskeletal disease in acromegaly-a population-based registry study.

Objective: Acromegaly is associated with multiple musculoskeletal complications that affect the quality of life and work ability. We aimed to examine the risk of osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal surgery (including joint replacement), osteoporosis, fractures, and analgesic consumption in Danish acromegaly patients.

Design: National, registry-based cohort study.

Higher PFOS exposure associated with higher SHBG in third trimester. The Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties. Experimental studies indicate that PFAS have estrogenic effects by inducing aromatase activity. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a marker of the balance between estrogen and testosterone, as estrogen stimulates and testosterone inhibits SHBG production.

Spatiotemporal Switches in Progenitor Cell Fate Govern Upper Hair Follicle Growth and Maintenance.

The epidermis provides a protective barrier against hostile environments. However, our knowledge of how this barrier forms during development and is subsequently maintained remains incomplete. The infundibulum is a cylindrical epidermal tissue compartment that serves as an outlet for hair follicles protruding from the skin and the excretion of the sebaceous glands that are essential for proper skin function.

Apolipoprotein Profile in Early Pregnancy and the Link to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Insights From Odense Child Cohort.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the potential associations between serum apolipoprotein levels in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: This was an observational study of the population-based Odense Child Cohort. Pregnant women were followed from inclusion until childbirth.

Prenatal testosterone exposure is linked to sexually dimorphic changes in body composition in 7-year-old children.

Context: Maternal free testosterone (FT) increases during 3rd trimester and FT is higher in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to women without PCOS. Higher prenatal androgen exposure has previously been associated with increased catch-up growth in boys.

Objective: To examine associations between maternal 3rd trimester testosterone and body composition in boys and girls.

Cardiac function and coronary plaque development following masculinizing gender-affirming hormone therapy: A prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Myocardial dysfunction and the presence of calcified and non-calcified coronary plaques are predictors of cardiovascular disease. Masculinizing gender-affirming hormone therapy may increase cardiovascular risk, highlighting the need for prospective studies to evaluate cardiovascular outcomes during gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Objectives: To evaluate changes in cardiac morphology, systolic and diastolic function, and development of coronary plaques after masculinizing gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Mental Disorders Among Offspring Prenatally Exposed to Systemic Glucocorticoids.

Importance: Current evidence of the association between prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids and long-term mental disorders is scarce and has limitations.

Objective: To investigate the association between prenatal exposure to systemic glucocorticoids and mental disorders in offspring at the age of 15 years, comparing exposed vs unexposed offspring born to mothers with the same underlying disease (risk of preterm delivery and autoimmune or inflammatory disorders).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nationwide population-based cohort study used data from registries in Denmark with follow-up until December 31, 2018.

The cardio-metabolic protein profile is associated with development of type 2 diabetes at long term follow-up after gestational diabetes mellitus: Results from the OGFUS study.

Aims: Women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk for later development of type 2 diabetes. During pregnancy, GDM affects the cardio-metabolic protein profile; however, it is unknown how GDM affects the cardio-metabolic protein profile in the long term and if it is associated with type 2 diabetes after GDM. We hypothesise that the cardio-metabolic protein profile is affected long term and is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes after GDM.

Effects of 12-week power training on bone in mobility-limited older adults: randomised controlled trial.

Unlabelled: This study examines how power training affects estimated bone strength, revealing that females benefit more than males, especially in the upper limbs (radius). These findings highlight the importance of designing sex-specific exercise programs to enhance bone health. Further research is needed to optimize training duration and address site-specific differences.

Exclusive or partial breastfeeding and estimated protein intake in infancy: Associations with childhood growth and body composition at 7 years of age in the Odense Child Cohort.

Background: Protein intake in infancy influences infant growth, body composition, and possibly metabolic programming later in life. Our objectives were to investigate whether macronutrient content in mother's own milk (MOM) differed between exclusive (EBF) or partial breastfeeding (PBF), including an estimation of protein intake (ePI) during the first 6 months of life. Second, to investigate associations of feeding type and ePI with childhood growth and body composition at 7 years.

Pyrethroid exposure biomarker 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) binds to transthyretin and is positively associated with free T3 in pregnant women.

Pyrethroids constitute a large group of insecticides widely used in agriculture, indoor environments, and in vector control. Structurally, pyrethroids resemble thyroid hormones, and have been suggested to be thyroid hormone disruptors based on experimental studies. During pregnancy, even minor disturbances in maternal levels can affect fetal brain development.

Breast cancer in women with previous gestational diabetes: a nationwide register-based cohort study.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication characterized by insulin resistance. A link has been suggested between insulin resistance and breast cancer, which is the most common cancer in women. Hence, women with previous GDM may be at increased risk of developing breast cancer, yet, the existing evidence is conflicting.