Patient-derived 3D nasal spheroids reveal epithelial changes following Dupilumab therapy in CRSwNP: a preliminary report.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a type 2 inflammatory disease associated with epithelial dysfunction and impaired mucosal barrier integrity. Dupilumab, an IL-4 receptor alpha antagonist, has shown clinical efficacy, but its cellular effects on nasal epithelium remain poorly understood. Advanced in vitro models such as 3D spheroid cultures may provide insight into epithelial organization under treatment.

Untargeted metabolomics fingerprints in seminal plasma of patients with abnormal sperm morphology using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.

Teratozoospermia, a qualitative sperm disorder characterized by abnormal sperm morphology, represents one of the causes of male infertility worldwide. The metabolic analysis of human seminal plasma (SP), can provide insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of this condition, identifying novel biomarkers and facilitating the development of diagnostic tests. In this study, an untargeted High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) approach was performed to explore SP metabolic alterations associated with teratozoospermia.

Eosinophil-targeted treatment strategies for long-term outcomes in severe eosinophilic asthma.

Background: Airway eosinophilic inflammation is a key pathobiologic trait of severe asthma, a complex chronic disease which affects about 5-10% of asthmatic patients worldwide. Therefore, an in-depth knowledge of the immunopathologic mechanisms underlying severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) is essential to understand the beneficial effects of currently available, eosinophil-targeted anti-asthma treatments, as well as to develop new therapeutic strategies.

Areas Covered: This narrative review article aims to provide a concise coverage of the pathophysiology of severe eosinophilic asthma, followed by an updated overview of current and newly emerging therapeutic approaches capable of counteracting airway eosinophilic inflammation.

A Systematic Review of Thiamine Supplementation in Improving Diabetes and Its Related Cardiovascular Dysfunction.

The significance of thiamine in human health is linked to its role in several pathways that control different disease processes. Significant improvements in cardiometabolic diseases, substantially impacted by thiamine imbalances, are observed with thiamine supplementation. Diabetic patients could see a reduction in cardiovascular (CV) risk due to thiamine's significant impact on glucose metabolism.

Tissue microRNA dynamics in sinonasal inverted papilloma: implications for pathology and therapy.

Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is a benign epithelial neoplasm of the Schneiderian membrane, known for its locally aggressive behavior, high recurrence rates, and potential for malignant transformation into sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC). Emerging evidence emphasizes the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis, progression, and clinical management of SNIP. These small non-coding RNAs regulate key cellular pathways, particularly the PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis, which governs tumor growth, apoptosis resistance, and chemoresistance.

Modulating nasal barrier function and tissue remodeling in inflammatory diseases: the role of ginseng and its bioactive compounds.

Ginseng, a well-known herbal supplement, is widely recognized for its pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulatory effects. This review explores the potential therapeutic benefits of ginseng, particularly its active compounds, ginsenosides, in promoting nasal mucosa health. The nasal mucosa plays a crucial role in respiratory defense, acting as a barrier to pathogens and particulate matter, while also orchestrating immune responses.

An integrated metabo-lipidomics profile of induced sputum for the identification of novel biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of asthma and COPD.

Background: Due to their complexity and to the presence of common clinical features, differentiation between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be a challenging task, complicated in such cases also by asthma-COPD overlap syndrome. The distinct immune/inflammatory and structural substrates of COPD and asthma are responsible for significant differences in the responses to standard pharmacologic treatments. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis is of central relevance to assure the appropriate therapeutic intervention in order to achieve safe and effective patient care.

Seminal plasma untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic profiling for the identification of a novel panel of biomarkers and therapeutic targets related to male infertility.

Male infertility occurs approximately in about 50% of all infertility cases and represents a serious concern worldwide. Traditional semen analysis alone is insufficient to diagnose male infertility. Over the past two decades, advances in omics technologies have led to the widespread application of metabolomics profiling as a valuable diagnostic tool for various diseases and disorders.

Mass Spectrometry-Based Untargeted Approaches to Reveal Diagnostic Signatures of Male Infertility in Seminal Plasma: A New Laboratory Perspective for the Clinical Management of Infertility?

Male infertility has been recognized as a global health problem. Semen analysis, although considered the golden standard, may not provide a confident male infertility diagnosis alone. Hence, there is the urgent request for an innovative and reliable platform to detect biomarkers of infertility.

Revealing the Hidden Diagnostic Clues of Male Infertility from Human Seminal Plasma by Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction and MALDI-TOF MS.

Seminal plasma (SP) mirrors the local pathophysiology of the male reproductive system and represents a non-invasive fluid for the study of infertility. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) provides a high-throughput platform to rapidly extrapolate the diagnostic profiles of information-rich patterns. In this study, dispersive solid phase extraction (-SPE) combined with MALDI-TOF-MS was applied for the first time to the human SP, with the aim of revealing a diagnostic signature for male infertility.

Mapping the SARS-CoV-2-Host Protein-Protein Interactome by Affinity Purification Mass Spectrometry and Proximity-Dependent Biotin Labeling: A Rational and Straightforward Route to Discover Host-Directed Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics.

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are the vital engine of cellular machinery. After virus entry in host cells the global organization of the viral life cycle is strongly regulated by the formation of virus-host protein interactions. With the advent of high-throughput -omics platforms, the mirage to obtain a "high resolution" view of virus-host interactions has come true.

Gingival Crevicular Fluid Peptidome Profiling in Healthy and in Periodontal Diseases.

Given its intrinsic nature, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an attractive source for the discovery of novel biomarkers of periodontal diseases. GCF contains antimicrobial peptides and small proteins which could play a role in specific immune-inflammatory responses to guarantee healthy gingival status and to prevent periodontal diseases. Presently, several proteomics studies have been performed leading to increased coverage of the GCF proteome, however fewer efforts have been done to explore its natural peptides.

Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica as a Rapid, Efficient and Versatile Tool for MALDI-TOF MS Sample Preparation in Clinical Peptidomics Analysis: A Pilot Study.

Improvement in high-throughput MALDI-TOF MS analysis requires practical and efficient sample preparation protocols for high acquisition rates. The use of hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) sorbents in combination with MALDI-TOF MS was explored as a versatile tool for peptidomic profiling of clinical specimens difficult to process, but considered important sources of disease biomarkers: synovial fluid and sputum. A rapid and efficient procedure, based on dispersive solid-phase extraction of peptides using commercially available wormhole mesostructured HMS, was tested for: a) pre-concentration of standard peptides in serially diluted solution up to the sub-nanomolar range; b) peptidome profiling of sputum and synovial fluid.

Rapid Detection and Identification of Antimicrobial Peptide Fingerprints of Nasal Fluid by Mesoporous Silica Particles and MALDI-TOF/TOF Mass Spectrometry: From the Analytical Approach to the Diagnostic Applicability in Precision Medicine.

Background: Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) play a pivotal role in innate host defense and in immune response. The delineation of new MS-based profiling tools, which are able to produce panels of AMP of the nasal fluid (NF), may be attractive for the discovery of new potential diagnostic markers of respiratory disorders.

Methods: Swabs collected NF from healthy patients and from patients with respiratory disorders.

Omalizumab lowers asthma exacerbations, oral corticosteroid intake and blood eosinophils: Results of a 5-YEAR single-centre observational study.

Omalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody which binds to human immunoglobulins E (IgE), thus preventing their interactions with both high affinity and low affinity IgE receptors. Therefore, omalizumab is currently recommended for add-on biological therapy of uncontrolled allergic asthma, mainly characterized by type 2 airway eosinophilic inflammation. Because omalizumab has been the first, and for a long time the only available monoclonal antibody for add-on treatment of type 2 asthma, some long-term studies have been published which provide a clear evidence of the therapeutic effectiveness of the anti-IgE pharmacological strategy.

An Analytical Method for Assessing Optimal Storage Conditions of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Disclosing a Peptide Biomarker Signature of Gingivitis by MALDI-TOF MS.

Purpose: Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an important diagnostic source of biomarkers for both periodontitis and gingivitis. However, GCF peptide signature may change depending on factors such as handling and storage. Here we propose a standardized methodology for GCF analysis by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS in order to distinguish a characteristic peptide signature of gingivitis.

A rapid differential display analysis of nasal swab fingerprints to distinguish allergic from non-allergic rhinitis subjects by mesoporous silica particles and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Discriminating different rhinitis cases can sometimes be difficult as the diagnostic criteria used to identify the various subgroups are not always unambiguous. The nasal fluid (NF) highly reflects the pathophysiology of these inflammatory diseases. However, its collection, as nasal lavage fluid, may cause discomfort.

Role of biologics in severe eosinophilic asthma - focus on reslizumab.

Within the context of the heterogeneous phenotypic stratification of asthmatic population, many patients are characterized by moderate-to-severe eosinophilic asthma, not adequately controlled by relatively high dosages of inhaled and even oral corticosteroids. Therefore, these subjects can obtain significant therapeutic benefits by additional biologic treatments targeting interleukin-5 (IL-5), given the key pathogenic role played by this cytokine in maturation, activation, proliferation, and survival of eosinophils. In particular, reslizumab is a humanized anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody that has been found to be an effective and safe add-on therapy, capable of decreasing asthma exacerbations and significantly improving disease control and lung function in patients experiencing persistent allergic or nonallergic eosinophilic asthma, despite the regular use of moderate-to-high doses of inhaled corticosteroids.

Influence of storage conditions on MALDI-TOF MS profiling of gingival crevicular fluid: Implications on the role of S100A8 and S100A9 for clinical and proteomic based diagnostic investigations.

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) may be a source of diagnostic biomarkers of periodontitis/gingivitis. However, peptide fingerprints may change, depending on GCF collection, handling and storage. We evaluated how storage conditions affect the quality and the reproducibility of MALDI-TOF profiles of this fluid.

Asthma and COPD proteomics: current approaches and future directions.

Although asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD represent the two most common chronic respiratory diseases worldwide, the mechanisms underlying their pathobiology need to be further elucidated. Presently, differentiation of asthma and COPD are largely based on clinical and lung function parameters. However, the complexity of these multifactorial diseases may lead to misclassification and to inappropriate management strategies.

Assessment of pre-analytical and analytical variables affecting peptidome profiling of gingival crevicular fluid by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Background: Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) may be a source of new biomarkers of periodontitis/gingivitis. However, the minute volumes of GCF harvested in healthy sites are a serious drawback. We evaluated how pre-analytical and analytical variables concerning GCF collection and processing, could significantly influence quality and reproducibility of MALDI-TOF profiles.

The proteomics big challenge for biomarkers and new drug-targets discovery.

In the modern process of drug discovery, clinical, functional and chemical proteomics can converge and integrate synergies. Functional proteomics explores and elucidates the components of pathways and their interactions which, when deregulated, lead to a disease condition. This knowledge allows the design of strategies to target multiple pathways with combinations of pathway-specific drugs, which might increase chances of success and reduce the occurrence of drug resistance.

Simultaneous extraction and rapid visualization of peptidomic and lipidomic body fluids fingerprints using mesoporous aluminosilicate and MALDI-TOF MS.

Herein we report the use of mesoporous aluminosilicate (MPAS) for the simultaneous extraction of peptides and lipids from complex body fluids such as human plasma and synovial fluid. We show that MPAS particles, given their mesostructural features with nanometric pore size and high surface area, are an efficient device for simultaneous extraction of peptidome and lipidome from as little as a few microliters of body fluids. The peptides and the lipids, selected and enriched by MPAS particles and rapidly visualized by MALDI-TOF MS, could form part of a diagnostic profile of the "peptidome" and the "lipidome" of healthy versus diseased subjects in comparative studies.

Peptidome profiling of induced sputum by mesoporous silica beads and MALDI-TOF MS for non-invasive biomarker discovery of chronic inflammatory lung diseases.

Induced sputum is recognized as being of increasing importance for the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic inflammatory lung diseases. The main purpose of this study is to provide a valid approach to better fractionate and characterize the still under-estimated low-molecular weight proteome of induced sputum by using mesoporous silica beads (MSBs) SPE coupled to MALDI-TOF MS. Sputum peptides were captured from both derivatized and non-derivatized MSBs and then profiled by MALDI-TOF MS.