The Association of Not Being Treated at the Nearest Hospital on Trauma In-Hospital Mortality: A Geospatial and Socioeconomic Factors Analysis.

Background: Trauma mortality is strongly influenced by the distance between the trauma site and the hospital, as longer prehospital times delay definitive care and increase the risk of death. In cities like Cali, Colombia, with high rates of penetrating trauma due to systemic violence, geographic and socioeconomic disparities further hinder access to timely care. This study examines the association of not being treated at the nearest hospital on trauma in-hospital mortality, accounting for geographic and socioeconomic factors.

Effect of the non-application of the motorcycle male passenger restriction policy on the risk of homicides in Cali, Colombia.

Background: Restrictions of male passengers of motorcycles to prevent homicides is a long-standing policy in Cali, Colombia. For some periods of time, the policy was suspended and then put into action again. All these changes were never evaluated and there has been controversy due to the perception of citizens, specifically motorcycle users, that the law was properly implemented in some periods and poorly applied in others.

Safety of motorized two-wheeler riders in the formal and informal transport sector.

Road fatalities are largely preventable problem with large socioeconomic impact. Due to the rapidly increasing population, transport systems and road infrastructure have not met the demand. The use of motorized two-wheeler vehicles has increased, as informal transport.

Do not forget culture when implementing mental health interventions for violence survivors.

Armed conflict has positioned Colombia as the country with the second highest internal displacement of citizens. This situation has forced government projects and international cooperation agencies to intervene to mitigate the impact of violence; however, the coping strategies implemented by the country's minorities are still unknown. The study objective is to describe the coping strategies and their relation with mental health within Afro-descendant culture in Colombia and the effects that armed conflict has on these coping mechanisms, through a phenomenological study involving focus groups and interviews with experts.

Spatiotemporal approaches to analyzing pedestrian fatalities: the case of Cali, Colombia.

Objective: Injuries among pedestrians are a major public health concern in Colombian cities such as Cali. This is one of the first studies in Latin America to apply Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) methods to visualize and produce fine-scale, highly accurate estimates of citywide pedestrian fatalities. The purpose of this study is to determine the BME method that best estimates pedestrian mortality rates and reduces statistical noise.

Injuries are not accidents: towards a culture of prevention.

Injuries are the result of an acute exposure to exhort of energy or a consequence of a deficiency in a vital element that exceeds physiological thresholds resulting threatens life. They are classified as intentional or unintentional. Injuries are considered a global health issue because they cause more than 5 million deaths per year worldwide and they are an important contributor to the burden of disease, especially affecting people of low socioeconomic status in low- and middle-income countries.

Pedestrians' perceptions of walkability and safety in relation to the built environment in Cali, Colombia, 2009-10.

Objective: To assess pedestrians' perceptions of the walkability of the urban environment and pedestrian safety in Cali, Colombia.

Design: Standardised intercept interviews were conducted of 400 pedestrians walking in 20 randomly selected urban zones to ascertain frequency of walking, and perceptions of safety, the built environment and security. Four focus group meetings were held with community members and students addressing these issues in an open-ended forum.

Effect of the modified Glasgow Coma Scale score criteria for mild traumatic brain injury on mortality prediction: comparing classic and modified Glasgow Coma Scale score model scores of 13.

Background: The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) classifies traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) as mild (14-15), moderate (9-13), or severe (3-8). The Advanced Trauma Life Support modified this classification so that a GCS score of 13 is categorized as mild TBI. We investigated the effect of this modification on mortality prediction, comparing patients with a GCS score of 13 classified as moderate TBI (classic model) to patients with GCS score of 13 classified as mild TBI (modified model).

[Safe communities: a synopsis].

The "Safe Community" is a community-based intervention model by the World Health Organization (WHO) for control and prevention of injuries and violence. The program is directed towards the prevention of all types of injuries and to all age groups, environments and situations. In this model, the community identifies its organizational needs, defines interest areas with participation by everybody, designs and implements interventions by means of inter-sector work using local, low cost solutions, and guarantees the sustainability of the programs by means of governmental commitment and alliances among different organizations.

Domestic violence surveillance system: a model.

Objective: To develop a domestic violence surveillance system.

Material And Methods: The strategies included implementation of a standard digitalized reporting and analysis system along with advocacy with community decision makers, strengthening inter-institutional attention networks, consultation for constructing internal flow charts, sensitizing and training network teams in charge of providing health care in cases of domestic violence and supporting improved public policy prevention initiatives.

Results: A total of 6 893 cases were observed using 2004 and 2005 surveillance system data.

The effect of variation in definition on the diagnosis of multidirectional instability of the shoulder.

Background: There currently is a wide variation in the definition of multidirectional instability of the shoulder in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine if these variations influence the distribution of the diagnoses in a cohort of patients with shoulder instability.

Methods: A cohort of 168 patients who underwent shoulder surgery for instability of any type was studied.

Fat liquefaction: effect of low-level laser energy on adipose tissue.

Low-level laser energy has been increasingly used in the treatment of a broad range of conditions and has improved wound healing, reduced edema, and relieved pain of various etiologies. This study examined whether 635-nm low-level lasers had an effect on adipose tissue in vivo and the procedural implementation of lipoplasty/liposuction techniques. The experiment investigated the effect of 635-nm, 10-mW diode laser radiation with exclusive energy dispersing optics.