A challenging case of enteric-type lung adenocarcinoma metastatic to the thyroid harboring RET-fusion diagnosed on fine-needle aspiration.

Enteric-type lung adenocarcinoma is a histological entity where the enteric component exceeds 50% and must show the expression of at least one immunohistochemical marker of enteric differentiation. The most common differential diagnosis is colorectal carcinoma. Molecular alterations less commonly observed in colorectal adenocarcinoma but more frequently associated with enteric-type lung adenocarcinoma can be helpful in differential diagnosis.

Histologic alterations are common in Monogenic Disease patients with 'healthy' endoscopy: Results from a GIPAD-GIPPI multicenter study.

Objective: Very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) is a clinical umbrella term referring to IBD-like symptoms arising in children before 6 years of age, encompassing 'pure' IBD (Crohn's Colitis/Ulcerative Colitis)/non IBD colitis, and monogenic diseases (MDs), the latter often related to primary immunodeficiency disorders. A multidisciplinary approach is imperative for correct therapeutic management, as endoscopy and histology are not always completely informative. In this setting, the study aims to describe the extent/features of histologic lesions in both endoscopically damaged mucosa and otherwise endoscopically healthy (normal/near normal) mucosa.

RNA-Based Next-Generation Sequencing in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients: data from Campania, Italy.

Objective: ALK, ROS1, NTRK, and RET gene fusions and MET exon 14 skipping alterations represent fundamental predictive biomarkers for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to ensure the best treatment choice. In this scenario, RNA-based NGS approach has emerged as an extremely useful tool for detecting these alterations. In this study, we report our NGS molecular records on ALK, ROS1, NTRK, and RET gene fusions and MET exon 14 skipping alterations detected by using a narrow RNA-based NGS panel, namely SiRe fusion.

Clinicopathologic Features of Primary Immunodeficiency Monogenic Disease-related Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Focus on Gastrointestinal Histologic Features in IFIH1 Mutations.

Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) is a clinical term referring to IBD-like symptomatology arising in children younger than 6 years. VEO-IBD may be due to polygenic etiology in "pure" IBD (Crohn disease-CD and ulcerative colitis-UC), or it may be caused by primary immunodeficiency underlined by monogenic disease. Primary immunodeficiency monogenic diseases have a Mendelian inheritance and affect the immune system with multiorgan morbidity and possible effects on the gastrointestinal system.

A Novel DNA Variant in Gene Found in a Patient Affected by Early Onset Colon Cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of death from neoplasia worldwide. Thanks to new screening programs, we are now seeing an increase in Early Onset of ColoRectal Cancer (EOCRC) in patients below the age of 50. Herein, we report a clinical case of a woman affected by EOCRC.

miR-1202 acts as anti-oncomiR in myeloid leukaemia by down-modulating GATA-1 expression.

Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) is a Down syndrome-related pre-leukaemic condition characterized by somatic mutations in the haematopoietic transcription factor GATA-1 that result in exclusive production of its shorter isoform (GATA-1). Given the common hallmark of altered miRNA expression profiles in haematological malignancies and the pro-leukaemic role of GATA-1, we aimed to search for miRNAs potentially able to modulate the expression of GATA-1 isoforms. Starting from an prediction of miRNA binding sites in the GATA-1 transcript, miR-1202 came into our sight as potential regulator of GATA-1 expression.

Histologic and Clinical Factors Associated with Kidney Outcomes in IgA Vasculitis Nephritis.

Background: Nephritis is a common manifestation of IgA vasculitis and is morphologically indistinguishable from IgA nephropathy. While MEST-C scores are predictive of kidney outcomes in IgA nephropathy, their value in IgA vasculitis nephritis has not been investigated in large multiethnic cohorts.

Methods: Biopsies from 262 children and 99 adults with IgA vasculitis nephritis ( N =361) from 23 centers in North America, Europe, and Asia were independently scored by three pathologists.

Application of a pattern-based approach to histological diagnosis in very early onset IBD (VEO-IBD) in a multicentric cohort of children with emphasis on monogenic disease with IBD-like morphology.

Aims: Very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) is a clinical umbrella term referring to IBD-like symptoms arising in children before the age of 6 years, encompassing both 'pure' IBD, such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and monogenic diseases (MDs), the latter often involving genes associated with primary immunodeficiencies. Moreover, histological features in gastrointestinal (GI) biopsies in MD can also have IBD-like morphology, making differential diagnosis difficult. Correct diagnosis is fundamental, as MDs show a more severe clinical course and their inadequate/untimely recognition leads to inappropriate therapy.

Characteristics of Placental Histopathology in Women with Uncomplicated Pregnancies Affected by SARS-CoV-2 Infection at the Time of Delivery: A Single-Center Experience.

The aim of this study was, firstly, to analyze the histopathological characteristics of placentas in women with uneventful pregnancies and affected by COVID-19 at the time of delivery; and secondly, to correlate histological findings to maternal and neonatal characteristics. In our single-center prospective observational study, 46 placentas from term uncomplicated singleton pregnancies of patients with a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of delivery underwent histological examination. Despite a normal feto-maternal outcome, most of the placentas (82.

A Rare Case of Tricuspid Valve Libman-Sacks Endocarditis in a Pregnant Woman with Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome.

Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by acquired hypercoagulability with the possible development of venous, arterial, and microvascular thrombosis. We report a rare case of Libman-Sacks tricuspid valve endocarditis in a 38-year-old pregnant woman at 15 weeks gestation with unknown primary antiphospholipid syndrome. During a routine cardiac examination and echocardiography performed for a previous episode of pleuropericarditis, a large, mobile mass with irregular edges was found at the level of the tricuspid valve.

TRPM8 indicates poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients and its pharmacological targeting reduces tumour growth in mice by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signalling.

Background And Purpose: Transient receptor potential melastatin type-8 (TRPM8) is a cold-sensitive cation channel protein belonging to the TRP superfamily of ion channels. Here, we reveal the molecular mechanism of TRPM8 and its clinical relevance in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Experimental Approach: TRPM8 expression and its correlation with the survival rate of CRC patients was analysed.

Placental Characteristics of a Large Italian Cohort of SARS-CoV-2-Positive Pregnant Women.

The variety of placental morphological findings with SARS-CoV-2 maternal infections has raised the issue of poor agreement in histopathological evaluation. The aims of this study were: to describe the histopathological placental features of a large sample of SARS-CoV-2-positive women who gave birth in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic, to analyse the factors underlying these lesions, and to analyse the impact of placental impairment on perinatal outcomes. From 25 February 2020 to 30 June 2021, experienced perinatal pathologists examined 975 placentas of SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers enrolled in a national prospective study, adopting the Amsterdam Consensus Statement protocol.

Histopathological Examination and Endoscopic Sinusectomy: Is It Possible?

Introduction: Although carcinomatous degeneration is a rare occurrence, some authors support the need for a histopathological examination after pilonidal cyst excision. Today, minimally invasive techniques are widely spread for the treatment of pilonidal sinus disease but opposed to standard procedures, these techniques could not allow to perform a histopathological examination because of the absence of a specimen. The aim of this two-institutions study is to evaluate whether histopathological examination of the pilonidal sinus excision material can be successfully performed after an endoscopic ablation of the cyst.

Crohn disease-like enterocolitis remission after empagliflozin treatment in a child with glycogen storage disease type Ib: a case report.

Background: Besides major clinical/biochemical features, neutropenia and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) constitute common complications of Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib). However, their management is still challenging. Although previous reports have shown benefit of empagliflozin administration on neutropenia, no follow-up data on bowel (macro/microscopic) morphology are available.

Prediction of placenta accreta spectrum in patients with placenta previa using clinical risk factors, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Objectives: To predict placental accreta spectrum (PAS) in patients with placenta previa (PP) evaluating clinical risk factors (CRF), ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Methods: Seventy patients with PP were retrospectively selected. CRF were retrieved from medical records.

Clinics and pathology of Krukenberg tumor: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Krukenberg tumor (KT) is defined as a secondary neoplasm of the ovary. While ovarian metastases account for about 30% of ovarian tumors, KTs are rare, accounting for about 1-2% of the total. The rarity of KT is at least in part responsible for the lack of a precise clinic-pathological characterization of these tumors.

Ultrasonography-Based Management of Sclerosing Mesenteritis: From Diagnosis to Follow-Up.

Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) is an idiopathic disorder affecting mesentery, characterized by fat necrosis, chronic inflammation and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic cases to acute abdomen. The diagnosis is suggested by imaging but can be definitely established only by biopsies.

The Role of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Aneurysmal Degeneration of Hemodialysis Fistulas in Renal Transplant Patients.

Background: Venous aneurysms are long-term complications of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis with an estimated incidence rate of around 5-6%. The purpose of our study is to investigate the role of immunosuppressive therapy in the development of AVF aneurysms in renal transplant patients, and to determine whether AVF closure following transplantation is necessary.

Methods: Forty-six patients with symptomatic venous AVF aneurysms underwent ligation and resection of their fistulas between January 2013 and January 2020.