Assessment of the corpus callosum size in male individuals with high intelligence quotient (members of Mensa International).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the size of the corpus callosum in members of Mensa International, which is the world's largest and oldest high-intelligence quotient (IQ) society.

Methods: We performed T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (Repetition Time, TR = 3200 ms, Time of Echo, TE = 409 ms) to examine the brain of members of Mensa International (Polish national group) in order to assess the size of the corpus callosum. Results from 113 male MENSA members and 96 controls in the age range of 21-40 years were analyzed.

Copy Number Variants Contributing to Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency.

Combined pituitary hormone deficiency represents a disorder with complex etiology. For many patients, causes of the disease remain unexplained, despite usage of advanced genetic testing. Although major and common transcription factors were identified two decades ago, we still struggle with identification of rare inborn factors contributing to pituitary function.

Peripheral vascular malformations - modern imaging.

Currently the major aim in peripheral vascular malformation diagnosis, crucial for subsequent management and treatment, is to identify its haemodynamic characteristics. Other significant features that should be specified by a radiologist are the exact location of the anomaly, its size, and its morphology. Until recently the diagnostic methods available for comprehensive evaluation of malformations have been rather limited.

Cluster Headache in a 76-year-old Woman with Onset at the Age of 74: Case Report.

Cluster headache (CH) is a rare trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia. Although its pathophysiology is not entirely understood, the hypothalamus and trigeminal nociceptive and autonomic pathways seem to play a key role in its pathology. In the majority of cases, CH begins at a young age and affects mainly men.

Pituitary Microsomal Autoantibodies in Patients with Childhood-Onset Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency: an Antigen Identification Attempt.

The role of autoimmunization in the pathogenesis of pituitary disorders is poorly understood. The presence of pituitary autoantibodies (APA) has been detected in various pituitary disorders. Their role, however, remains elusive.

Intestinal healing after anti-TNF induction therapy predicts long-term response to one-year treatment in patients with ileocolonic Crohn's disease naive to anti-TNF agents.

Introduction: Objective assessment of Crohn's disease (CD) activity in patients treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) antibodies is crucial for the prediction of its long-term results. Mucosal healing estimated endoscopically has a strong predictive value; however, only combined assessment together with transmural healing in magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) gives full information about the whole spectrum of inflammatory lesions in CD.

Aim: To assess the usefulness of intestinal healing phenomenon in CD, defined as improvement both in endoscopy and MRE, after anti-TNF induction therapy, in predicting long-term results of 1-year treatment.

Supplementation of ursodeoxycholic acid improves fat digestion and absorption in cystic fibrosis patients with mild liver involvement.

Background: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) supplementation is recommended for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with associated liver disease. However, its effect on fat digestion and absorption is not known.

Materials And Methods: In 23 patients with mild liver involvement, a C-mixed triglyceride breath test was performed on UDCA supplementation (with and without pancreatic enzymes - standard and increased dose) and after 1 month of UDCA withdrawal.

Distinguishing high-flow from low-flow vascular malformations using maximum intensity projection images in dynamic magnetic resonance angiography - comparison to other MR-based techniques.

Background: In addition to ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered a suitable, non-invasive technique to assess the type and extent of vascular malformations. The distinction between low- and high-flow lesions is crucial because it determines appropriate patient treatment.

Purpose: To distinguish high-flow from low-flow lesions on the basis of the enhancement pattern on MIP images acquired from dynamic time-resolved MR angiography (MRA) and compare it with previously described MR-based methods.

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer: efficacy and toxicity.

In rare cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), radioiodine treatment is no longer effective due to cell dedifferentiation. Targeting somatostatin receptors in DTC cells by radiolabelled somatostatin analogues could provide an alternative therapy option. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in patients with advanced, non-iodine avid DTC.

Sonoelastography--a useful adjunct for parotid gland ultrasound assessment in patients suffering from chronic inflammation.

Background: Shear wave elastography (SWE) is widely used in breast, liver, prostate and thyroid evaluations. Elastography provides additional information if used to assess parotid gland pathology. We assessed parotid glands by means of SWE to compare the parenchyma properties in different types of inflammation.

Arterial stiffness, body fat compartments, central hemodynamics, renal function and left atrial size.

Background: Left atrial (LA) size is an important predictor of stroke, death, and atrial fibrillation. It was demonstrated recently that body fat, arterial stiffness and renal functions are associated with LA diameter. However, data are lacking for comprehensive assessments of all these risk factors in a single population.

Renal morphology assessed by ultrasound in relation to central haemodynamics and body fat.

There is a correlation between renal function and the morphological characteristics of the kidney. However, little is known about the association between renal morphology and other important predictors of the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as central haemodynamics or body fat. Thus, in the present study we investigated correlations between renal morphology, body fat and central haemodynamics.

Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostics of myocardial infarction.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has a growing application in the diagnostics of myocardial infarction (MI). It is a non-invasive method that can be used regardless of the shape of patient's body. A single study allows assessment of the morphology and function of the cardiac muscle.

Fever of unknown origin: a clinical mask of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma.

The authors present a patient suffering from malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Differential diagnosis has become the major concern in the fatally ill patient. Pain, increasing abdominal girth, anorexia and weight loss, and recurrent ascites are the most frequent presenting symptoms.

Diagnosis of a cecal tumour with virtual colonoscopy.

The authors presented a 75-year-old female patient at high risk, suspected of a cecal cancer (CC) due to discomfort in the inguinal fossa, microcytic anemia (although she was postmenopausal), liquid stools and a positive faecal occult blood test. A standard examination of the large intestine was undertaken. Conventional colonoscopy was not completed and the results of barium enema were questionable.

Association between estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density in Polish female patients with Graves' disease.

Graves' (GD) hyperthyroidism leads to reduced bone mineral density (BMD) accompanied by accelerated bone turnover. Ample studies have identified association between estrogen receptor (ESR1) gene polymorphism and decreased BMD and osteoporosis. In contrast, number of publications that link ESR1, BMD and Graves' disease is limited.

[Hypopituitarism: interdisciplinary diagnostic issue].

A case of 68-aged male with hypopituitarism who suffered from faints and syncope with nauseas, vomiting and a significant body mass decrease, progressing during 3 yr. was presented. Diagnosis of hypopituitarism was established 3 yr.

[Possibilities of MR evaluation in thyroid orbitopathy].

Thyroid orbitopathy is one of the main indications for orbital imaging. MR yields most complex, both quantitative and qualitative information concerning extraocular muscle pathology, including eye motility disorders. This examination is helpful in the treatment planning and evaluation of its efficiency.