How 5-ALA enlightens neurosurgery - results of a single centre study on high-grade gliomas.

Introduction And Objective: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the use of intraoperative fluorescence with 5-ALA on the scope on the resection and the results of the treatment of patients. Despite the continuous development of new oncological treatments, surgical resection remains the basis for treating high-grade gliomas. For this reason, methods are introduced to facilitate the removal of the tumour in a maximally complete and safe manner for the patient.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in Gastric Cancers, with Special Reference to Gastric Cancer at a Young Age-A Pilot Study in Poland.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. It is a multi-factorial disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors such as diet, obesity, radiation exposure, and infectious agents. Viral infections usually lead to chronic inflammation, which can initiate the development of cancers.

Aquaporin 2 in Cerebral Edema: Potential Prognostic Marker in Craniocerebral Injuries.

Despite continuous medical advancements, traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Consequently, there is a pursuit for biomarkers that allow non-invasive monitoring of patients after cranial trauma, potentially improving clinical management and reducing complications and mortality. Aquaporins (AQPs), which are crucial for transmembrane water transport, may be significant in this context.

Astroglial Cells: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) represents a significant health concern, necessitating advanced therapeutic interventions. This detailed review explores the critical roles of astrocytes, key cellular constituents of the central nervous system (CNS), in both the pathophysiology and possible rehabilitation of TBI. Following injury, astrocytes exhibit reactive transformations, differentiating into pro-inflammatory (A1) and neuroprotective (A2) phenotypes.

Can cannabidiol (CBD) help with low back pain?

Introduction And Objective: Low back pain (LBP) is a major cause of disability and the main reason why individual patients need medical attention. Pharmacological treatment options for LBP are limited and are often associated with serious side-effects. This makes it necessary to search for new painkillers.

Factors Predisposing to The Formation of Degenerative Spondylolisthesis-A Narrative Review.

The relationship between various factors predisposing to the formation of spondylolisthesis, including degenerative spondylolisthesis, has been analyzed by many authors. However, not all observations are consistent. In this review, we identified factors whose impact on the prevalence of spondylolisthesis was most often mentioned in the literature.

Can cannabidiol have an analgesic effect?

Background: Cannabis, more commonly known as marijuana or hemp, has been used for centuries to treat various conditions. Cannabis contains two main components cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). CBD, unlike THC, is devoid of psychoactive effects and is well tolerated by the human body but has no direct effect on the receptors of the endocannabid system, despite the lack of action on the receptors of the endocannabid system.

The application of 3D-bioprinted scaffolds for neuronal regeneration after traumatic spinal cord injury - A systematic review of preclinical in vivo studies.

Background: The implantation of 3D-bioprinted scaffolds represents a promising therapeutic approach for traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), currently investigating in preclinical in vivo studies. However, a systematic review of the relevant literature has not been performed to date. Hence, we systematically reviewed the outcomes of the application of 3D-bioprinted implants in the treatment of SCI based on studies conducted on experimental animal models.

Pro- vs. Anti-Inflammatory Features of Monocyte Subsets in Glioma Patients.

Monocytes constitute a heterogenous group of antigen-presenting cells that can be subdivided based on CD14, CD16 and SLAN expression. This division reflects the functional diversity of cells that may play different roles in a variety of pathologies including gliomas. In the current study, the three monocyte subpopulations: classical (CD14 CD16 SLAN), intermediate (CD14 CD16 SLAN) and non-classical (CD14 CD16 SLAN) in glioma patients' peripheral blood were analysed with flow cytometry.

New Directions in the Therapy of Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is the most common histologic type of all gliomas and contributes to 57.3% of all cases. Despite the standard management based on surgical resection and radiotherapy, it is related to poor outcome, with a 5-year relative survival rate below 6.

Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in the Management of Gastric Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Gastric cancer (GC) patients with peritoneal metastasis tend to achieve poor clinical outcomes. Until recently, the treatment options were limited mainly to either palliative chemotherapy or radiation therapy in exceptional cases. Currently, these patients benefit from multimodal treatment, such as cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).

Analysis of Factors Affecting 5-ALA Fluorescence Intensity in Visualizing Glial Tumor Cells-Literature Review.

Glial tumors are one of the most common lesions of the central nervous system. Despite the implementation of appropriate treatment, the prognosis is not successful. As shown in the literature, maximal tumor resection is a key element in improving therapeutic outcome.

The implications of nitric oxide metabolism in the treatment of glial tumors.

Glial tumors are the most common intracranial malignancies. Unfortunately, despite such a high prevalence, patients' prognosis is usually poor. It is related to the high invasiveness, tendency to relapse and the resistance of tumors to traditional methods of treatment.

Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a cluster of various vascular disorders with different pathological backgrounds. The advanced vasculature net of cerebral vessels, including small arteries, capillaries, arterioles and venules, is usually affected. Processes of oxidation underlie the pathology of CSVD, promoting the degenerative status of the epithelial layer.

Characteristics of Fluorescent Intraoperative Dyes Helpful in Gross Total Resection of High-Grade Gliomas-A Systematic Review.

: A very important aspect in the treatment of high-grade glioma is gross total resection to reduce the risk of tumor recurrence. One of the methods to facilitate this task is intraoperative fluorescence navigation. The aim of the study was to compare the dyes used in this technique fluorescent intraoperative navigation in terms of the mechanism of action and influence on the treatment of patients.

Factors with the strongest prognostic value associated with in-hospital mortality rate among patients operated for acute subdural and epidural hematoma.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) still remains a serious health problem and is called a "silent epidemic". Each year in Europe 262 per 100,000 individuals suffer from TBI. The most common consequence of severe head injuries include acute subdural (SDH) and epidural hematomas (EDH), which usually require immediate surgically treatment.

Initial Factors Affecting 6-month Outcome of Patients Undergoing Surgery for Acute Post-traumatic Subdural and Epidural Hematoma.

Introduction: The most frequent consequences of a traumatic brain injury are acute subdural (SDH) and epidural hematoma (EDH), which usually require a surgical treatment. Most of the factors affecting the prognosis have been analyzed on a wide group of traumatic brain injuries. Nonetheless, there are few studies analyzing factors influencing the prognosis regarding patients with EDH and SDH.

Micro RNA Molecules as Modulators of Treatment Resistance, Immune Checkpoints Controllers and Sensitive Biomarkers in Glioblastoma Multiforme.

Based on genome sequencing, it is estimated that over 90% of genes stored in human genetic material are transcribed, but only 3% of them contain the information needed for the production of body proteins. This group also includes micro RNAs representing about 1%-3% of the human genome. Recent studies confirmed the hypothesis that targeting molecules called Immune Checkpoint (IC) open new opportunities to take control over glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

Metformin as Potential Therapy for High-Grade Glioma.

Metformin (MET), 1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride, is a biguanide drug used as the first-line medication in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The recent years have brought many observations showing metformin in its new role. The drug, commonly used in the therapy of diabetes, may also find application in the therapy of a vast variety of tumors.

PD-L1/PD-1 Axis in Glioblastoma Multiforme.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most popular primary central nervous system cancer and has an extremely expansive course. Aggressive tumor growth correlates with short median overall survival (OS) oscillating between 14 and 17 months. The survival rate of patients in a three-year follow up oscillates around 10%.

[Stigmatisation of people with dementi].

The history of the concept of stigmatization dates back to ancient times, but the meaning of this term has changed over the years. Presently it is defined as the attitude of disapproval, negative perception, discrimination by a group due to certain features presented by it. This problem is also valid in medicine, affecting, among many others disorders, patients with dementia.