Pathologic Changes in and Immunophenotyping of Polymyositis in the Dutch Kooiker Dog.

Earlier, we described a breed-specific inflammatory myopathy in Dutch Kooiker dogs (Het Nederlandse Kooikerhondje), one of the nine Dutch breeds. The disease commonly manifests itself with clinical signs of difficulty walking, muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, and/or dysphagia. In nearly all dogs' creatine kinase (CK) activity was elevated.

A multimodal approach to diagnosis of neuromuscular neosporosis in dogs.

Background: Early diagnosis of neosporosis in dogs is challenging.

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of a compound multimodal testing approach for diagnosing in dogs neuromuscular and combined forms of neosporosis.

Animals: A total of 16 dogs diagnosed with solely neuromuscular neosporosis or with a combination of neuromuscular and central nervous system neosporosis.

Case report: Focal heterotopic ossification in paravertebral muscles as a cause of neurogenic lameness in a dog.

This case report describes a 17-month-old Pudelpointer with recurring motor impairment localized to the left thoracic limb. A neurological exam highlighted lameness in that limb, accompanied by pre-scapular swelling. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging detected an osseous structure in soft tissues close to the fifth cervical vertebra, and subsequent surgery uncovered adjacent cervical spinal nerve impingement.

A Case of Gastroallergic and Intestinal Anisakiasis in Italy: Diagnosis Based on Double Endoscopy and Molecular Identification.

Nematodes of the genus (Rhabditida, Anisakidae) are zoonotic fish-borne parasites and cause anisakiasis, a disease with mild to severe acute or chronic gastrointestinal and allergic symptoms and signs. Anisakiasis can potentially lead to misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis, and it has been suggested as a risk factor for gastrointestinal tumors. Here, we describe a case report of a 25-year-old woman who presented with gastrointestinal (abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea) and allergic (diffuse skin rash) symptoms and reported ingestion of raw fish contaminated by worms.

Relationship between magnetic resonance imaging findings and histological grade in spinal peripheral nerve sheath tumors in dogs.

Background: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are a group of neoplasms originating from Schwann cells or pluripotent cell of the neural crest. Therapeutic options and prognosis are influenced by their degree of malignancy and location.

Hypothesis/objectives: Identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features predictive of PNST histologic grade.

Missense Variant in a Lagotto Romagnolo Dog with Autosomal Recessively Inherited Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy.

An 8-month-old female Lagotto Romagnolo dog was presented for a 1-month history of an initial severe reluctance to move, rapidly progressing to a marked stiff gait and progressive muscular weakness and evolving to tetraparesis, which persuaded the owner to request euthanasia. A primary muscle pathology was supported by necropsy and histopathological findings. Macroscopically, the muscles were moderately atrophic, except for the diaphragm and the neck muscles, which were markedly thickened.

An Inflammatory Myopathy in the Dutch Kooiker Dog.

The Dutch Kooiker dog (het Nederlandse Kooikerhondje) is one of nine Dutch dog breeds. As of 1960, a number of heritable diseases have been noted in this breed. One is an inflammatory myopathy that emerged in 1972, with numbers of affected dogs gradually increasing during the last few decades.

Characterization of Species Involved in the Establishment and Development of Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome.

Since 2012, the kiwifruit vine decline syndrome (KVDS) has progressively compromised Italian kiwifruit orchards. Different abiotic and biotic factors have been associated with the establishment and development of KVDS. During monitoring of orchards affected by KVDS in north-western Italy during 2016-2019, 71 spp.

Novel association of gluten sensitivity with immune-mediated neuromuscular syndrome in a dog.

Gluten-related disorders in humans comprise different entities, including coeliac disease. Patients typically have measurable titers of anti-gliadin IgG or IgA (AGAs) and anti-transglutaminase-2 IgA (TG2). In addition to intestinal symptoms, human patients often show various neurological complications.

Case Report: Unable to Jump Like a Kangaroo Due to Myositis Ossificans Circumscripta.

A male 10-year-old captive red kangaroo () was presented with a chronic progressive pelvic limb lameness and reluctance to jump. The general examination revealed a palpable induration of the lumbar epaxial muscles. Magnetic resonance imaging performed under general anesthesia revealed bilateral almost symmetric, well-circumscribed mass lesions in superficial erector spinae muscles.

Endolymphatic sac tumor in an 8-month-old cat.

Background: The endolymphatic sac is an organ devoid of sensory receptors. It is connected with the endolymphatic compartment and contains endolymph. Endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) is a rare neoplasm involving the middle and inner ear described in humans and dogs that does not show cellular characteristics of malignancy, but can be locally invasive and involve destruction of the temporal bone and adjacent structures.

Biopsy Characteristics, Subtypes, and Prognostic Features in 107 Cases of Feline Presumed Immune-Mediated Polyneuropathy.

Inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy (IMPN) is one of the causes of sudden onset of neuromuscular signs such as para-/tetraparesis in young cats. Even though most cases have a favorable outcome, persistent deficits, relapses, and progressive courses are occasionally seen. As clinical presentation does not always appear to predict outcome and risk of recurrence, this study was initiated to screen for prognostic biopsy findings in a large cohort of histologically confirmed IMPN cases with clinical follow-up.

Clinical Course and Diagnostic Findings of Biopsy Controlled Presumed Immune-Mediated Polyneuropathy in 70 European Cats.

There is a paucity of information on the clinical course and outcome of young cats with polyneuropathy. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical features, diagnostic investigations, and outcome of a large cohort of cats with inflammatory polyneuropathy from several European countries. Seventy cats with inflammatory infiltrates in intramuscular nerves and/or peripheral nerve biopsies were retrospectively included.

Sequencing of non-virulent strains of Fusarium fujikuroi reveals genes putatively involved in bakanae disease of rice.

Bakanae, one of the most important diseases of rice, is caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi. The elongation of internodes is the most common symptom induced by the pathogen, and it is related to the production of gibberellins. Despite this, the pathogenicity mechanism of F.

In-frame deletion in canine PITRM1 is associated with a severe early-onset epilepsy, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration.

We investigated the clinical, genetic, and pathological characteristics of a previously unknown severe juvenile brain disorder in several litters of Parson Russel Terriers. The disease started with epileptic seizures at 6-12 weeks of age and progressed rapidly to status epilepticus and death or euthanasia. Histopathological changes at autopsy were restricted to the brain.

Granulomatous interstitial polymyositis and intramuscular neuritis in a dog.

Background: Granulomatous myositis is a rare condition in both humans and dogs. In humans it is most frequently related to sarcoidosis, where a concurrent granulomatous neuritis has been reported occasionally. Simultaneous granulomatous myositis and neuritis have been diagnosed previously in dogs (unpublished observations), but have not been studied further.

A Systematic Approach to Dissection of the Equine Brain-Evaluation of a Species-Adapted Protocol for Beginners and Experts.

Introduction of new imaging modalities for the equine brain have refocused attention on the horse as a natural model for ethological, neuroanatomical, and neuroscientific investigations. As opposed to imaging studies, strategies for equine neurodissection still lack a structured approach, standardization and reproducibility. In contrast to other species, where adapted protocols for sampling have been published, no comparable guideline is currently available for equids.

Loss-of-Function Variant in Yorkshire Terriers with Leigh-Like Subacute Necrotizing Encephalopathy.

Sporadic occurrence of juvenile-onset necrotizing encephalopathy (SNE) has been previously reported in Yorkshire terriers. However, so far, no causative genetic variant has been found for this breed-specific form of suspected mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Affected dogs showed gait abnormalities, central visual defects, and/or seizures.

[Canine meningoencephalitis and meningitis: retrospective analysis of a veterinary hospital population].

Objective: Characterization of the etiology of meningoencephalitis and meningitis in dogs through an analysis of a veterinary hospital population.

Material And Methods: Retrospective study (2011-2016) with evaluation of clinical and diagnostic data of dogs with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis (> 5/µl). Only dogs with cytological evaluation of CSF or pathological examination of CNS were included.

Thoracolumbar meningeal fibrosis in pugs.

Background: Thoracolumbar myelopathies associated with spinal cord and vertebral column lesions, with a similar clinical phenotype, but different underlying etiologies, occur in pugs.

Objectives: To further characterize the clinical and neuropathological characteristics of pugs with longstanding thoracolumbar myelopathy.

Animals: Thirty client-owned pure-bred pugs with a history of more than a month of ataxia and paresis of the pelvic limbs, suggesting a myelopathy localized to the thoracolumbar spinal cord, were included in the study.

The neuropathology of fatal encephalomyelitis in human Borna virus infection.

After many years of controversy, there is now recent and solid evidence that classical Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) can infect humans. On the basis of six brain autopsies, we provide the first systematic overview on BoDV-1 tissue distribution and the lesion pattern in fatal BoDV-1-induced encephalitis. All brains revealed a non-purulent, lymphocytic sclerosing panencephalomyelitis with detection of BoDV-1-typical eosinophilic, spherical intranuclear Joest-Degen inclusion bodies.