The clinicopathological PANOMEN-3 classification predicts pituitary adenoma prognosis: a real-world retrospective single center study of a surgically treated cohort.

Introduction: Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are generally benign neoplasms, though in rare cases may exhibit aggressive behavior. In 2024, the PANOMEN-3 workshop released a new clinical-pathological classification. The objective of this study was to examine the potential of the PANOMEN-3 classification to predict prognosis of PAs and guide treatment in our single center cohort of patients with PAs.

Histological synovitis and radiographic damage in knee osteoarthritis: insights from a comprehensive analysis of ultrasound-guided synovial biopsies in 161 patients.

Objective: Synovial inflammation plays a crucial role in osteoarthritis (OA) by producing key cytokines that mediate synovium-cartilage interaction and drive damage progression. In this study, we aimed to evaluate relationships between histological features of synovitis, radiographic damage and patients' clinical characteristics.

Methods: This observational cross-sectional study included consecutive patients with knee OA from 2016 to 2022.

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells predict the response to somatostatin receptor ligands only in somatotropinomas naïve to medical therapy.

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) are important components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). They regulate somatotroph adenoma treatment responses to therapy with somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs), mediated by soluble factors and cytokines. In this study, we assessed the effect of SRLs treatment on TICs.

Advancing CNS tumor diagnostics with expanded DNA methylation-based classification.

DNA methylation-based classification is integral to contemporary neuro-oncological diagnostics, as highlighted by the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We introduce the Heidelberg CNS Tumor Methylation Classifier version 12.8 (v12.

mRNA Profile in Brain Tissues from a Rett Syndrome Patient and Three Human Controls: Mutated Allele Preferential Transcription and In Situ RNA Mapping.

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 () gene, which encodes a methyl-CpG-binding protein (MeCP2) that acts as a repressor of gene expression, crucial in neurons. Dysfunction of MeCP2 due to its pathogenic variants explains the clinical features of RTT. Here, we performed histological and RNA analyses on a post-mortem brain sample from an RTT patient carrying the p.

Genes of the "regulation of lymphocyte activation" pathway may influence immune cells infiltration in growth hormone secreting pituitary tumors.

Purpose: The tumor microenvironment (TME) may provide a useful framework for understanding the heterogeneous behavior of growth hormone (GH) secreting pituitary adenomas. Although the interest in TME in somatotropinomas has increased exponentially over the last few decades, there is limited elucidation of its mechanisms, particularly in relation to genes expression involved in its regulation.

Methods: A retrospective, observational, single-center study was conducted on 85 subjects: 46 patients diagnosed with acromegaly and 39 controls.

Tumor features in adult papillary and adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma: neuroradiological evaluation of pituitary-hypothalamic-axis dysfunction and outcome prediction.

Purpose: To identify radiological features distinguishing adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) from papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP) and assess their impact on pituitary-hypothalamic-axis dysfunction and post-surgery recurrence.

Methods: MRIs of 80 patients (48 with ACP, 32 with PCP) were analyzed for tumor topography, size, cystic-solid composition, peritumoral edema, signal intensity, and CT for calcification patterns. Volumes, normalized signal intensity minimum (nT2) and maximum (nT1) values were measured from T2 and T1-weighted images, respectively.

Spatial Analysis Identifies CD147 as a Novel Marker of High-Grade Childhood Posterior Fossa Ependymoma.

Ependymoma (EPN) is the third most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system in children. The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of cancer cell populations can impact the ability of EPN to overcome microenvironmental constraints. Data set analysis revealed that CD147 expression is increased in glioma, and its expression correlates with detrimental survival and higher mutational burden.

Minimally invasive retrieval and characterisation of tenosynovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis: a novel approach to study at-risk, active, and remission stages.

Objectives: Tenosynovial inflammation is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), even in the preclinical phase. However, tenosynovium retrieval and characterisation is beyond the current state-of-the-art. We aimed to (1) assess the rate of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected tenosynovitis in the wrists of patients with preclinical and clinical RA; (2) develop a technique for tenosynovium retrieval; and (3) characterise its cellular composition across disease phases, including the comparison to adjacent synovium.

Transthyretin amyloid deposition in the ligamentum flavum of an Italian cohort of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.

Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is a rare systemic disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils, which can affect multiple tissues. Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), a condition involving narrowing of the lumbar spinal canal, has been frequently associated with amyloid deposition in the ligamentum flavum (LF). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ATTR deposits in LF samples obtained from patients undergoing LSS surgery at two Italian centers.

Cytokines and chemokines modulate the growth of pituitary adenoma/neuroendocrine tumors: preliminary results of a monocenter prospective pilot study.

Introduction: Cytokine and chemokines have been recognized to be involved in the progression and prognosis of pituitary adenoma/neuroendocrine tumors (PAs/PitNETs), also known as pituitary adenomas. We aim to investigate the expression of cytokine and chemokine in PAs/PitNETs, and their association with PAs/PitNETs clinical and biological behavior.

Patients And Methods: A prospective and monocenter study was performed on 16 patients diagnosed for PAs/PitNETs.

MicroRNAs Expression Profile in MN1-Altered Astroblastoma.

Background/objectives: Astroblastoma is a rare glial neoplasm more frequent in young female patients, with unclear clinical behaviors and outcomes. The diagnostic molecular alteration is a rearrangement of the Meningioma 1 () gene. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important gene expression regulators with strong implications in biological processes.

Residual pain and fatigue are affected by disease perception in rheumatoid arthritis in sustained clinical and ultrasound remission.

Objective: Regardless of remission status, residual pain (RP) might persist in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to characterize RP, its perception, and patient-dependent features and to evaluate its possible association with residual synovitis in patients with RA in remission.

Methods: Ninety-seven patients with RA, including 68 in sustained clinical and ultrasound remission (Rem/RA) and 29 in high/moderate DAS28-CRP disease activity (H-Mo/RA) were enrolled in the study.

IGF-I levels during standard Lanreotide dose predicts biochemical outcome of high-frequency regimen in acromegaly.

Introduction: First-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (fg-SRLs) are the cornerstone of acromegaly treatment. Additional benefits were shown using high dose (HD) or high frequency (HF), relatively short-term regimens. Although several predictors of response to standard dose (SD)-fg-SRLs were reported, outcome biomarkers for HF administration are not yet available.

Temporoparietal Fascia Flap (TPFF) in Extended Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery: Clinical Experience and Systematic Literature Review.

The temporoparietal fascia flap (TPFF) has recently emerged as an option for skull base reconstruction in endoscopic transnasal surgery when vascularized nasal flaps are not available. This study provides a systematic literature review of its use in skull base surgery and describes a novel cohort of patients. PRISMA guidelines were used for the review.

Synovial tissue myeloid dendritic cell subsets exhibit distinct tissue-niche localization and function in health and rheumatoid arthritis.

Current rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatments do not restore immune tolerance. Investigating dendritic cell (DC) populations in human synovial tissue (ST) may reveal pathways to reinstate tolerance in RA. Using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics of ST biopsies, as well as co-culture systems, we identified condition- and niche-specific DC clusters with distinct functions.

LCM-RNAseq Highlights Intratumor Heterogeneity and a lncRNA Signature from Archival Tissues of GH-Secreting PitNETs.

Background: This study explores the potential for hidden variations within seemingly uniform regions of growth hormone-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (GH-PitNETs). We employed archived tissue samples using Laser Capture Microdissection Sequencing (LCM-RNAseq) to probe the molecular landscape of these tumors at a deeper level.

Methods: A customized protocol was developed to extract, process, and sequence small amounts of RNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues derived from five patients with GH-secreting PitNETs and long-term follow-up (≥10 years).

Late meningitis and a nonabsorbable stent in recurrent Rathke's cleft cyst: illustrative case.

Background: The management of recurrent Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) remains challenging. The off-label application of steroid-eluting bioabsorbable or nonabsorbable intracystic stents has been recently described. Early outcomes and complications of this treatment have been described as well, but long-term data are lacking.

A rare case of central nervous system pancreatoblastoma metastasis: illustrative case.

Background: Pancreatoblastoma is a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas, occurring usually in children and rarely in adults. Treatment consists of surgery with a variable combination of adjuvant therapies. Liver metastases are common, whereas brain diffusion is exceptionally rare.

Central nervous system pediatric multi-disciplinary tumor board: a single center experience.

Background: The Multidisciplinary Tumor Board (MTB) is a collaborative platform involving specialists in oncology, surgery, radiology, pathology, and radiotherapy, and aims to optimize diagnostics and treatments. Despite MTB's widespread benefits, limited literature addresses its application in pediatric neuro-oncology. After a literature revision on pediatric neuro-oncology MTB, our study describes our institute's pediatric neuro-oncology MTB, focuses on evaluating its impact and the neuroradiologist's role in patient-centric approaches, considering recent genetic insights into pediatric brain tumors.

H3-Altered Diffuse Glioma of the Spinal Cord in Adult Patients: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Peculiarity of Radiological Findings.

Primary spinal cord diffuse gliomas (SpDG) are rare tumors that may harbor, like diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), H3 mutations. According to the WHO (2021), SpDGs are included in diffuse midline H3K27-altered gliomas, which occur more frequently in adults and show unusual clinical presentation, neuroradiological features, and clinical behavior, which differ from H3 G34-mutant diffuse hemispheric glioma. Currently, homogeneous adult-only case series of SpDG, with complete data and adequate follow-up, are still lacking.