A Stated Preference Study to Explore Market-Based Instruments to Reduce Car Usage.

Unlabelled: Car dependency is becoming an increasingly difficult problem for policymakers to contend with, and requires targeted policy solutions that balance the need for greater urban mobility with reduced congestion. We investigated public preferences for welfare measures designed to encourage car use reduction and promote more sustainable urban environments. Cross-sectional survey data were obtained from  = 773 car owners living in Belfast, United Kingdom.

Engaging Underserved Populations in Health Preference Research: Challenges and Strategies.

Health preference research plays a critical role in shaping healthcare policy and decision-making; however the underrepresentation of underserved populations challenges the validity and reliability of preference estimates. Despite efforts to diversify recruitment, health preference studies often have limited demographic diversity and non-representative sampling, leading to potentially biased findings that overlook the preferences of underserved populations. We discuss the importance of engaging underserved populations in health preference research from both ethical and research perspectives.

Preferences of nurses in the United Kingdom for attributes of pediatric hexavalent vaccines: a discrete-choice experiment.

Objectives: Given the limited evidence on UK nurses' preferences for pediatric hexavalent vaccines, we aimed to evaluate their preferences for these vaccines' attributes.

Methods: In a discrete-choice experiment study, 150 nurses chose between 2 hypothetical pediatric hexavalent vaccines with varying attribute levels (device type, plastic in packaging, time on the market, and time the vaccine can stay safely at room temperature) in a series of choice questions. Using random-parameters logit-model estimates, conditional relative attribute importance (CRAI) and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.

What Next for the Science of Patient Preference? Interoperability, Standardization, and Transferability.

Using patient preference information (PPI) to incorporate patient voices into the drug development lifecycle can help align therapies with the needs and values of patients. However, several barriers have limited the use of PPI, including a lack of clarity on its use by decision-makers, a need for greater decision-maker trust in PPI, and a lack of time, budgets, and access to specialist expertise. The value proposition for PPI could be enhanced by making it FAIR: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable.

Biologics and oral systemic treatment preferences in patients and physicians for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a discrete choice experiment in the United Kingdom and Germany.

As the available treatments for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) expand, understanding patient and physician preferences becomes crucial for informed decision-making. To quantify patient and physician preferences for biologics and oral systemic AD treatment attributes. We conducted a cross-sectional, online discrete choice experiment (DCE) involving 306 AD patients and 206 physicians throughout the United Kingdom and Germany.

Preferences for attributes of oral antipsychotic treatments: results from a discrete-choice experiment in respondents with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder.

Background: Antipsychotic medications are effective treatments for schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar I disorder (BD-I), but when presented with different treatment options, there are tradeoffs that individuals make between clinical improvement and adverse effects. As new options become available, understanding the attributes of antipsychotic medications that are valued and the tradeoffs that individuals consider when choosing among them is important.

Methods: A discrete-choice experiment (DCE) was administered online to elicit preferences across 5 attributes of oral antipsychotics: treatment efficacy (i.

Patient Preferences for Ulcerative Colitis Treatment in the Middle East Region: A Discrete-Choice Experiment.

Background And Aims: Treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC) differ in safety, efficacy, and route of administration; patient preferences for treatment attributes should be considered in treatment decisions. No study to date has explored patient preferences for moderate-to-severe UC treatment in Middle Eastern countries.

Methods: A discrete-choice experiment aimed to quantify treatment preferences in patients with moderate-to-severe UC in 5 Middle Eastern countries (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and Lebanon).

Developing a person-centered stated preference survey for dementia with Lewy bodies: value of a personal and public involvement process.

Introduction: The development of high-quality stated preference (SP) surveys requires a rigorous design process involving engagement with representatives from the target population. However, while transparency in the reporting of the development of SP surveys is encouraged, few studies report on this process and the outcomes. Recommended stages of instrument development includes both steps for stakeholder/end-user engagement and pretesting.

The value of knowing: preferences for genetic testing to diagnose rare muscle diseases.

Background: Genetic testing can offer early diagnosis and subsequent treatment of rare neuromuscular diseases. Options for these tests could be improved by understanding the preferences of patients for the features of different genetic tests, especially features that increase information available to patients.

Methods: We developed an online discrete-choice experiment using key attributes of currently available tests for Pompe disease with six test attributes: number of rare muscle diseases tested for with corresponding probability of diagnosis, treatment availability, time from testing to results, inclusion of secondary findings, necessity of a muscle biopsy, and average time until final diagnosis if the first test is negative.

Making Use of Technology to Improve Stated Preference Studies.

The interest in quantifying stated preferences for health and healthcare continues to grow, as does the technology available to support and improve health preference studies. Technological advancements in the last two decades have implications and opportunities for preference researchers designing, administering, analysing, interpreting and applying the results of stated preference surveys. In this paper, we summarise selected technologies and how these can benefit a preference study.

Preferences of healthcare providers in Switzerland for attributes of pediatric hexavalent vaccines: a discrete-choice experiment.

Objective: To understand the preferences of healthcare providers (HCPs) in Switzerland for pediatric hexavalent vaccine attributes.

Methods: A discrete-choice experiment included a series of choices between 2 hypothetical pediatric hexavalent vaccines with varying attributes: device type (including preparation time and risk of dosage errors), proportion of infants seroprotected against type b (Hib) at 11-12 months (pre-booster), packaging size, years on the market, and the thermostability at room temperature. Odds ratios (ORs) and conditional relative attribute importance (CRAI) were calculated using random-parameters logit.

Adult, adolescent, and caregiver preferences for attributes of topical treatments for mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis: a discrete-choice experiment.

Topical treatments for mild-to-moderate (MM) atopic dermatitis (AD) include emollients, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, a Janus kinase inhibitor, and a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, which differ in multiple ways. This study aimed to quantify the conditional relative importance (CRI) of attributes of topical treatments for MM AD among adult and adolescent patients and caregivers of children with MM AD. A discrete-choice experiment (DCE) survey was administered to US adults and adolescents with MM AD and caregivers of children with MM AD.

A discrete choice experiment to quantify the influence of trial features on the decision to participate in cystic fibrosis trials.

Background: Patient-centred trial design optimises recruitment and retention, reduces trial failure rates and increases the diversity of trial cohorts. This allows safe and effective treatments to reach clinic more quickly. To achieve this, patients' views must be incorporated into trial design.

Adolescent and caregiver preferences for juvenile idiopathic arthritis treatment: a discrete-choice experiment.

Background: This study aimed to elicit and quantify preferences for treatments for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods: We conducted a discrete-choice experiment among adolescents with JIA in the United States (US) (n = 197) and United Kingdom (UK) (n = 100) and caregivers of children with JIA in the US (n = 207) and UK (n = 200). In a series of questions, respondents chose between experimentally designed profiles for hypothetical JIA treatments that varied in efficacy (symptom control; time until next flare-up), side effects (stomachache, nausea, and vomiting; headaches), mode and frequency of administration, and the need for combination therapy.

Patients' willingness to accept adverse event and cost tradeoffs from oral nicotinamide for reduced risk of non-melanoma skin cancer.

Background: Non-immunosuppressed patients with a history of multiple non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) taking oral nicotinamide supplementation experienced a 23% decrease in annual NMSC risk in a randomized clinical trial. Patient preferences for risks and costs associated with nicotinamide are unknown.

Objectives: To understand how patients prioritize NMSC reduction, infection risk, and cost.

A systematic review to identify and collate factors influencing patient journeys through clinical trials.

Patient-centred trial design and delivery; improves recruitment and retention; increases participant satisfaction; encourages participation by a more representative cohort; and allows researchers to better meet participants' needs. Research in this area mostly focusses on narrow facets of trial participation. We aimed to systematically identify the breadth of patient-centred factors influencing participation and engagement in trials, and collate them into a framework.

Travelers' preferences for tick-borne encephalitis vaccination.

Background: This study aimed to quantify preferences and risk tolerance for a tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccination.

Research Design And Methods: A stated-preference survey instrument was administered to international travelers living in the United States to elicit preferences for a no-cost TBE vaccine when planning an international trip, conditional upon four different qualitative levels of endemic TBE risk.

Results: The likelihood of choosing the vaccine increased with a destination's level of endemic risk.

Considerations Around Coding the Membership Probability Function in a Latent Class Analysis: Renewed Insights.

This technical note discusses how dummy and effects coding of categorical respondent characteristics in a class membership probability function should be interpreted by researchers employing a latent class analysis to explore preference heterogeneity in a discrete-choice experiment. Previous work highlighted issues arising from such coding when interpreting an alternative specific constant that represents an opt-out alternative or current situation in a discrete-choice experiment and did not fully address how this coding impacts the interpretation of parameters resulting from the membership probability function in a latent class analysis. Although latent class membership probability could be predicted separately for each respondent or subgroup of respondents, conclusions are often drawn directly from the model estimation using the full sample, which requires correctly interpreting the estimated parameters.

Accounting for Preference Heterogeneity in Discrete-Choice Experiments: An ISPOR Special Interest Group Report.

Objectives: Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are increasingly used to elicit preferences for health and healthcare. Although many applications assume preferences are homogenous, there is a growing portfolio of methods to understand both explained (because of observed factors) and unexplained (latent) heterogeneity. Nevertheless, the selection of analytical methods can be challenging and little guidance is available.

Implementation of personalised medicine policies in mental healthcare: results from a stated preference study in the UK.

Background: Public support for the implementation of personalised medicine policies (PMPs) within routine care is important owing to the high financial costs involved and the potential for redirection of resources from other services.

Aims: We aimed to determine the attributes of a PMP most likely to elicit public support for implementation. We also aimed to determine whether such support differed between a depression PMP and one for cystic fibrosis.

Relative importance of clinical outcomes and safety risks of antiseizure medication monotherapy for patients and physicians: Discrete choice experiment eliciting preferences in real-world study "VOTE".

Objective: This study was undertaken to elicit patients' preferences for attributes characterizing antiseizure medication (ASM) monotherapy options before treatment consultation, and to explore the trade-offs patients consider between treatment efficacy and risks of side effects. Further objectives were to explore how treatment consultation may affect patient preferences, to elicit physicians' preferences in selecting treatment, and to compare patient and physician preferences for treatment.

Methods: This prospective, observational study (EP0076; VOTE) included adults with focal seizures requiring a change in their ASM monotherapy.

Exploring patient preference heterogeneity for pharmacological treatments for chronic pain: A latent class analysis.

Background: Several pharmaceutical treatments for chronic pain caused by osteoarthritis (OA) and chronic low back pain (CLBP) are available or currently under development, each associated with different adverse events (AEs) and efficacy profiles. It is therefore important to understand what trade-offs patients are willing to make when choosing between treatments.

Methods: A discrete-choice experiment (DCE) was conducted with 437 adults with chronic pain caused by OA and/or CLBP.

CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: physician preferences trading off benefits, risks and time to infusion.

We evaluated physicians' willingness to trade-off benefits, risks and time to infusion for CAR T-cell therapy for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In a discrete-choice experiment survey, 150 US oncologists/hematologists chose between two hypothetical CAR T-cell treatments defined by six attributes. Decreasing time to infusion from 113 to 16 days yielded the greatest change in preference weight (1.

A General Public Study on Preferences and Welfare Impacts of Antimicrobial Resistance in the United Kingdom.

Background: Antibiotics have led to considerable increases in life expectancy. However, over time, antimicrobial resistance has accelerated and is now a significant global public health concern. Understanding societal preferences for the use of antibiotics as well as eliciting the willingness to pay for future research is crucial.