Reviewing superficial bone lesions: What the radiologist needs to know.

Superficial bone lesions arise from the outer components of the bone, from the cortex to the periosteum. Such superficial lesions are often challenges during imaging reporting, and their incorrect interpretation may lead to inadequate management. We present a literature review regarding these lesions according to a standardized division into tumoral and non-tumoral lesions.

Whole-body Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Inflammatory Spine and Joint Disease.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) can effectively diagnose rheumatologic diseases with systemic and multifocal characteristics, such as spondyloarthritis, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, and synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome, among others. Advances in rheumatic disease treatments have emphasized the importance of early diagnosis for effective management, function preservation, and improved quality of life. WB-MRI offers comprehensive imaging of the musculoskeletal system, detecting early and subtle disease changes that traditional methods might overlook.

Pediatric menisci: normal aspects, anatomical variants, lesions, tears, and postsurgical findings.

The reported incidence of meniscal tears in the pediatric age group has increased because of increased sports participation and more widespread use of MRI. Meniscal injury is one of the most commonly reported internal derangements in skeletally immature knees and can be associated with early degenerative joint disease leading to disability. The pediatric meniscus has particularities, and knowledge of normal anatomy, anatomical variations, and the patterns of meniscal injury in the pediatric age group is essential to provide a correct diagnosis.

Measurement of tibial slope using biplanar stereoradiography (EOS®).

Objectives: Posterior tibial slope (PTS) is an important anatomic parameter of the knee related to anteroposterior instability. Biplanar stereoradiography allows for simultaneous low-dose acquisition of anteroposterior and lateral views with 3D capability, enabling separate lateral and medial plateau analyses. We aimed to evaluate the possibility and compare the reproducibility of measuring medial and lateral PTS on EOS® images with two different patient positionings and compare it with CT of the knees as the gold standard.

Clinical and Radiological Results after Endoscopic Treatment for Gluteal Tendon Injuries with a Minimum Follow-Up of 12 Months.

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological results after endoscopic repair of gluteus medius muscle injuries and proposed an anatomical classification for the different injury classes.

Methods: A retrospective case series, including patients who had undergone endoscopic repair of the hip abductor tendon. The surgical procedure was standardized.

Prevalence of phalangeal bone marrow edema on MRI before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and correlation with chilblain skin lesions.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to establish the prevalence bone marrow edema of the phalanges of the feet and hands before and during the COVID-19 pandemic on MRI studies and correlate with clinically chilblain skin lesions and epidemiological data.

Methods: This observational retrospective study. In patients with confirmed bone marrow edema of the phalanges, epidemiological data and clinical findings were collected, including the history of current or remote COVID-19 infection and vaccination status.

Sacroiliac joint beyond sacroiliitis-further insights and old concepts on magnetic resonance imaging.

The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is an amphiarthrosis composed of a posterior syndesmosis and an anterior cartilaginous portion, with limited yet present mobility. Its main function is to transmit the load from the axial skeleton to the lower limbs and vice-versa; it is susceptible to early mechanical and degenerative changes which are much more common than inflammatory sacroiliitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has increasingly been used to evaluate these changes, and while subchondral bone marrow edema (BME) is a common finding related to both, care must be taken when applying the ASAS research MRI definition for sacroiliitis without considering lesion BME topography, size and depth, concomitant structural damage and, of course, the clinical picture.

O papel da estereorradiografia na avaliação das deformidades dos membros inferiores.

As deformidades dos membros inferiores são uma condição comum e podem levar a alterações da marcha e afetar a função e longevidade das articulações do quadril, do joelho e da coluna. Uma abordagem diagnóstica sistemática é essencial para definir o tratamento e alcançar o resultado terapêutico desejado com a menor taxa de complicações. A radiografia panorâmica é frequentemente utilizada para caracterizar as deformidades dos membros inferiores por meio de medidas de comprimento e desvios angulares dos eixos, além de se tratar de um método de baixo custo e alta disponibilidade.

The Role of Whole-Body MRI in Pediatric Musculoskeletal Oncology: Current Concepts and Clinical Applications.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) has gained importance in the field of musculoskeletal oncology over the last decades, consisting in a one-stop imaging method that allows a wide coverage assessment of both bone and soft tissue involvement. WB-MRI is valuable for diagnosis, staging, and follow-up in many oncologic diseases and is especially advantageous for the pediatric population since it avoids redundant examinations and exposure to ionizing radiation in patients who often undergo long-term surveillance. Its clinical application has been studied in many pediatric neoplasms, such as cancer predisposition syndromes, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphoma, sarcomas, and neuroblastoma.

Osteochondral lesions of the talar dome: an up-to-date approach to multimodality imaging and surgical techniques.

Osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the talar dome consist of a multifactorial pathology of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone and can result in persistent ankle pain and osteoarthritis (OA). Along with a physical examination and clinical history, an imaging evaluation plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of these lesions and is fundamental for making treatment decisions and determining prognosis by providing information regarding the size, location, and cartilage and subchondral bone statuses as well as associated lesions and degenerative changes. Multiple surgical techniques for OCLs of the talar dome have been developed in recent decades, including cartilage repair, regeneration, and replacement strategies, and radiologists should be acquainted with their specific expected and abnormal postoperative imaging findings to better monitor the results and predict poor outcomes.

Stener-like lesions in the hand, knee and foot: a review of anatomy, mechanism of injury and imaging evaluation.

A Stener lesion is a displaced tear of the ulnar collateral ligament in the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb in which the adductor pollicis aponeurosis is positioned between the retracted ligament and the injury site, preventing natural healing. This lesion was first described in 1962, and since then, both radiologists and orthopedists have considered it important to treat surgically. Although this lesion was originally described in the thumb, this injury mechanism can occur in other joints of the hand, knee, and foot.

The Role of Magnetic Resonance in the Diagnosis of Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome.

Chronic compartment syndrome is a common and often underdiagnosed exercise-induced condition, accounting on average for a quarter of cases of chronic exertional pain in the leg, second only to the fracture/tibial stress syndrome spectrum. It traditionally occurs in young runner athletes, although more recent studies have demonstrated a considerable prevalence in low-performance practitioners of physical activity, even in middle-aged or elderly patients. The list of differential diagnoses is extensive, and sometimes it is difficult to distinguish them only by the clinical data, and subsidiary examinations are required.

STUDY ON THE PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF THE MEDIAL PATELLOFEMORAL LIGAMENT.

Objectives: To study the measurements and anatomical relationships of the patellofemoral joint using magnetic resonance imaging, and to evaluate the variation in the morphology of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) according to patients' heights and ages and the variation in measurements on other structures that are known to be involved in predisposition to patellar instability.

Method: Twenty-three knees (18 patients) underwent magnetic resonance imaging and their interepicondylar distance, patellar height, trochlear depth, ventral trochlear prominence, trochlear groove angle, lateral facet tilt, lateral patellar tilt and size of the lateral and medial facets and their ratio were measured. These measurements were compared with the length and thickness of the MPFL.