Association of low serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) d] with hepatic encephalopathy in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.

Background And Study Aims: The mechanism of hepatic encephalopathy is complex and has not been conclusively established. Recent studies support lower serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D [25(OH) D] levels in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH) D and hepatic encephalopathy in patients with decompensated cirrhosis of liver.

Characterization of follicular lymphoma in the small intestine using double-balloon endoscopy.

Follicular lymphomas occur rarely in the gastrointestinal tract, representing only 1-3% of all gastrointestinal tract B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. We describe endoscopic analysis of 3 cases of follicular lymphoma in the small intestine using double-balloon endoscopy. Double-balloon endoscopy revealed multiple nodular lesions and elevated white patches, multiple polypoid lesions, and scattered white polypoid and nodular lesions in the duodenum and small intestine.

Evaluation of Infliximab Effects on Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Crohn's Disease Using Double-Balloon Endoscopy.

Tumor necrosis factor α plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). The effects of infliximab on gastrointestinal bleeding in CD have not yet been fully evaluated. Herein we describe three CD cases who presented with gastrointestinal bleeding and received infliximab treatment.