Program Evaluation of Community Case Management with Reactive Test and Treat for Malaria in a High-Transmission Setting.

Community case management (CCM) combined with reactive test-and-treat (RTAT) for malaria was implemented by the National Malaria Elimination Program in a holoendemic region of Zambia. We assessed the impact of CCM + RTAT activities on malaria care seeking, health facility cases, and hospital mortality. We analyzed data from community surveys, a health facility-based passive surveillance network, and a hospital-based severe malaria surveillance system to compare metrics across the program eras (July 2016-July 2018, August 2018-October 2019, and November 2019-July 2021).

Degradation and Recondensation of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Laminar Premixed Flames.

The behavior of technical nanoparticles at high temperatures was measured systematically to detect morphology changes under conditions relevant to the thermal treatment of end-of-life products containing engineered nanomaterials. The focus of this paper is on laboratory experiments, where we used a Bunsen-type burner to add titania and ceria particles to a laminar premixed flame. To evaluate the influence of temperature on particle size distributions, we used SMPS, ELPI and TEM analyses.

Supplementing routine hospital surveillance of malaria to capture excess mortality and epidemiological trends: a five-year observational study.

Introduction: Malaria surveillance in Africa is conducted largely through health facility-based health management information systems (HMIS) which provide aggregated data to malaria control programs. Supplementation of HMIS surveillance with other routinely collected hospital data can provide vital statistics on malaria control in regions of high burden.

Methods: To assess the utility of supplementing HMIS data, we implemented a pilot program of enhanced malaria surveillance in a district hospital in northern Zambia over a five-year period.

Comparing the Toxicological Responses of Pulmonary Air-Liquid Interface Models upon Exposure to Differentially Treated Carbon Fibers.

In recent years, the use of carbon fibers (CFs) in various sectors of industry has been increasing. Despite the similarity of CF degradation products to other toxicologically relevant materials such as asbestos fibers and carbon nanotubes, a detailed toxicological evaluation of this class of material has yet to be performed. In this work, we exposed advanced air-liquid interface cell culture models of the human lung to CF.

Malaria in Refugee Children Resettled to a Holoendemic Area of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in refugee children in high-transmission parts of Africa. Characterizing the clinical features of malaria in refugees can inform approaches to reduce its burden.

Methods: The study was conducted in a high-transmission region of northern Zambia hosting Congolese refugees.

Waste incineration of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to evaluate potential formation of per- and Poly-Fluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) in flue gas.

In recent years, concerns over some per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have grown steadily. PFAS are a large group of chemical substances with widely differing properties. While one class of PFAS, fluoropolymers, have been demonstrated to meet the OECD criteria for polymers of low concern during the in use phase of their lifecycle, questions remain regarding waste handling at the end of useful life for products containing fluoropolymers.