Immunoinformatic design of a multivalent vaccine against and its evaluation in a murine model using a DNA prime-protein boost strategy.

Introduction: The development of effective vaccines against is critical due to its significant impact on human and animal health. The objective of this study was to design and evaluate and a multivalent vaccine based on the immunogenic potential of three selected open reading frames (ORFs) of .

Methods: The designed construct, named S22, was analyzed to evaluate its physicochemical properties, antigenicity, allergenicity and toxicity.

triggers the differential expression of immunomodulatory lncRNAs in infected murine macrophages.

Introduction: The lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) are the most diverse group of non-coding RNAs and are involved in most biological processes including the immune response. While some of them have been recognized for their influence on the regulation of inflammatory activity, little is known in the context of infection by , a pathogen that presents significant challenges due to its ability to manipulate and evade the host immune system. This study focuses on characterize the expression profile of LincRNA-cox2, Lethe, lincRNA-EPS, Malat1 and Gas5 during infection of macrophages by .

and Its Hidden Flagellar System.

, a Gram-negative bacterium with a high infective capacity and a wide spectrum of hosts in the animal world, is found in terrestrial and marine mammals, as well as amphibians. This broad spectrum of hosts is closely related to the non-classical virulence factors that allow this pathogen to establish its replicative niche, colonizing epithelial and immune system cells, evading the host's defenses and defensive response. While motility is the primary role of the flagellum in most bacteria, in the flagellum is involved in virulence, infectivity, cell growth, and biofilm formation, all of which are very important facts in a bacterium that to date has been described as a non-motile organism.

Intranasal Immunization of Mice with Multiepitope Chimeric Vaccine Candidate Based on Conserved Autotransporters SigA, Pic and Sap, Confers Protection against .

Shigellosis is a diarrheal disease and the World Health Organization prompts the development of a vaccine against . The autotransporters SigA, Pic and Sap are conserved among a spp. We previously designed an in silico vaccine with immunodominat epitopes from those autotransporters, and the GroEL protein of typhi as an adjuvant.