Stem cell factor-mediated upregulation of SIRT1 protects melanin-deprived keratinocytes against UV-induced DNA damage in individuals with vitiligo.

Despite the loss of melanocytes, individuals with vitiligo have a significantly lower risk of developing skin malignancies compared to ethnicity-matched controls. The study investigated the molecular mechanisms that protect skin cells (keratinocytes) from UV-B-induced DNA damage in individuals with vitiligo. The study found that upregulation of stem cell factor (SCF) signaling significantly reduced γ-H2AX positivity and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation and improved mitochondrial health (elongated mitochondria, reduced reactive oxygen species [ROS] and lipid peroxidation) in keratinocytes upon UV-B exposure.

Role of ursolic acid in preventing gastrointestinal cancer: recent trends and future perspectives.

Gastrointestinal malignancies are one of the major worldwide health concerns. In the present review, we have assessed the plausible therapeutic implication of Ursolic Acid (UA) against gastrointestinal cancer. By modulating several signaling pathways critical in cancer development, UA could offer anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-metastatic properties.

Pigmented skin exhibits accelerated wound healing compared to the nonpigmented skin in Guinea pig model.

This study investigated and compared the wound healing kinetics of pigmented (PG) and non-pigmented (NP) skin in guinea pigs, focusing on histological and transcriptional changes. Full-thickness wounds created on PG and NP skin were evaluated at various time points post-injury. Fontana-Masson staining and ultrastructural analysis suggested the presence of melanin and melanosomes in PG skin, which coincided with an upregulation of melanogenic genes cKIT, TYR, and DCT.

Enhanced recovery programme after colorectal surgery in high-income and low-middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols strive to optimise outcomes following elective surgery; however, there is a dearth of evidence to support its equitable application and efficacy internationally.

Materials And Methods: The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the uptake and impact of ERAS with the aim of highlighting differences in implementation and outcomes across high-income countries (HICs) and low-middle income countries (LMICs). The primary outcome was characterisation of global ERAS uptake.

Genome-wide profiling reveals pervasive transcriptional alterations in fibroblasts derived from lesional skin in vitiligo including a reduced potential to proliferate.

Fibroblasts interact with keratinocytes and melanocytes to maintain skin homeostasis. However, the impact of selective melanocyte loss on the transcriptome of fibroblasts is not fully understood. Thus, we sought to understand the genome-wide transcriptome of fibroblasts derived from non-lesional (NL) and lesional (L) dermis in patients with non-segmental vitiligo.

Safety and effectiveness of live broadcast of surgical procedures: systematic review.

Introduction: Live Broadcast of Surgical Procedures (LBSP) has gained popularity in conferences and educational meetings in the past few decades. This is due to rapid advancement in both Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) that enable transmission of the entire operative field and transmission ease and technology to help broadcast the operation to a live audience. The aim of this study was to update the evidence with specific emphasis on the patient safety issues related to LBSP in MIS.

Integrated analysis of miRNA-mRNA networks reveals a strong anti-skin cancer signature in vitiligo epidermis.

Expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is often dysregulated in several cancers, including non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Individuals with vitiligo possess a deregulated miRnome along with a lower risk of developing NMSCs. We used data sets from our previously published studies on vitiligo epidermis to construct functional miRNA-mRNA networks to understand the molecular basis underlying the lower incidence of NMSC observed in individuals with vitiligo.

Impact and outcomes of postoperative anaemia in colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review.

Aim: Preoperative anaemia is common in colorectal cancer patients. Little attention has been given to the prevalence and consequences of postoperative anaemia. The aim of this study was to systematically review the published literature and determine the knowledge of the prevalence and impact of postoperative anaemia in colorectal cancer patients.

The risk of fatal re-expansion pulmonary oedema in poor left ventricular reserve.

Re-expansion pulmonary oedema (REPO) is an uncommon complication which may be encountered following drainage of pneumothorax, pleural effusion or haemopneumothorax. Treatment is usually supportive and some patients may require positive pressure ventilation. We provide a novel description of the mechanism of a fatal REPO in a patient with a small and non-compliant left ventricle (LV).

Mediastinal irradiation and its effect on the cardiovascular system.

Mediastinal irradiation for various malignancies can cause radiation injury to mediastinal structures, most importantly the cardiovascular system. This article reviews the effect of radiation on cardiovascular structures and the manifestations of various radiation-induced heart diseases.