National Consensus Statement on Role of Bisoprolol across Cardiovascular Continuum: Special Focus on Women.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a significant health concern worldwide, with women facing distinct challenges in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of these conditions. In India, hypertension is a prevalent cardiovascular (CV) risk factor, affecting nearly one-third of adults, and women experience a disproportionately high burden across all age-groups. The CV continuum, which spans from risk factors to CV events and ultimately to heart failure (HF), demonstrates how the progression of CVD impacts women at each stage differently due to gender-specific mechanisms like hormonal influences, pregnancy complications and the effects of menopause.

Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Pyelolithotomy in Pelvic Ectopic Kidneys: Experience From a Northern Indian Tertiary Care Institution.

Introduction The ectopic pelvic kidneys have a higher likelihood of developing renal stones due to urinary stasis caused by the abnormal position of the renal pelvis, altered course of the ureter, and kidney malrotation. This retrospective study highlights the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of performing transperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy in cases of pelvic ectopic kidney. Methodology The 15 patients with ectopic pelvic kidneys and nephrolithiasis underwent laparoscopic pyelolithotomy.

Improvement in Echocardiographic and Diagnostic Biomarkers after Systemic Glucocorticoid Therapy in Infants with Pulmonary Hypertension.

Objective: To assess the effect of treating pulmonary hypertension (PH) in infants younger than 1 year of age with systemic glucocorticoids while using echocardiographic and diagnostic biomarkers as measures of efficacy.

Study Design: A retrospective chart review was performed on 17 hospitalized infants younger than 1 year of age at St Louis Children's Hospital who received a 5- to 7-day course of systemic glucocorticoid treatment followed by a 3-week taper with no significant intracardiac shunts from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021. Quantitative echocardiographic indices for PH, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, and/or b-type natriuretic peptide levels were collected before glucocorticoid treatment, after the glucocorticoid burst, and after the 21-day taper.

Accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) in the staging of lung cancer - A comparison of staging EBUS with postoperative pathological nodal staging.

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial fine-needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has replaced mediastinoscopy as the preferred investigation for evaluating mediastinum in staging lung cancer. There is little evidence of mediastinal staging by EBUS-TBNA from India.

Objectives: To study endobronchial ultrasound's diagnostic accuracy in staging lung cancer.

A Unique High-Output Cardiac Hypertrophy Phenotype Arising From Low Systemic Vascular Resistance in Cantu Syndrome.

Background Cardiomegaly caused by left ventricular hypertrophy is a risk factor for development of congestive heart failure, classically associated with decreased systolic and/or diastolic ventricular function. Less attention has been given to the phenotype of left ventricular hypertrophy with enhanced ventricular function and increased cardiac output, which is potentially associated with high-output heart failure. Lack of recognition may pose diagnostic ambiguity and management complexities.

Interventional pulmonology during COVID times: A look back at the year gone by.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented crisis, affecting every sphere of human life. A major challenge for health care workers (HCWs) is to care for patients with a highly contagious airborne disease, while making sure of their own safety. Interventional pulmonology (IP) procedures, like bronchoscopy, are particularly risky due to significant aerosol generation.

Clinical Comparison of I-gel and Laryngeal Mask Airway-Supreme Airway Devices During General Anaesthesia in the Paediatric Population.

Objectives: Both the Supreme Laryngeal Mask Airway (SLMA) and the I-gel (I-gel) are supraglottic airway devices (SADs) commonly used for airway management in paediatric patients. This study aims to compare the efficacy in terms of insertion and ventilation profiles of size 2 SLMA and the I-gel in anaesthetised paediatric patients.

Methods: 100 children were prospectively allocated to two groups depending upon the device inserted as SLMA (n = 50) and I-gel (n = 50).

Vocal cord biopsy under local anesthesia, with flexible bronchoscope as an outpatient procedure, by "inside-out" technique.

Background: Pulmonologists commonly need to take biopsies of laryngeal lesions, either found incidentally while doing bronchoscopy for other indications or while investigating patients for hoarseness of voice and cough. Biopsy of laryngeal lesions has been conventionally done under general anesthesia to provide adequate samples and minimize risks and patient discomfort. Of late, these biopsies have been done as outpatient procedures, by flexible endoscopes, under local anesthesia.

Endobronchial capillary hemangioma a rare cause of hemoptysis.

Endobronchial capillary hemangioma is a very rare benign tumor in adults. The clinical presentation and management of adult capillary hemangiomas involving the tracheobronchial tree are not yet established. We present a case of an isolated capillary hemangioma of the right main bronchus detected during the evaluation of an adult male presented with hemoptysis.

Rapid development of pulmonary hypertension during treatment of paediatric cancer.

Paediatric pulmonary hypertension has been described as a secondary complication of multiple diseases and their treatment. Limited information exists about the relationship between pulmonary hypertension and cancer in children. A review of charts was performed in all patients treated for cancer and developed pulmonary hypertension.

Potts Shunt Improves Right Ventricular Function and Coupling With Pulmonary Circulation in Children With Suprasystemic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive disease with poor outcomes in children. Right ventricular (RV) function is the most important determinant of the prognosis. Novel application of Potts shunt between left pulmonary artery and descending aorta has been introduced in an attempt to improve the survival.

Learning of a Decision-Maker's Preference Zone With an Evolutionary Approach.

A new evolutionary-learning algorithm is proposed to learn a decision maker (DM)'s best solution on a conflicting multiobjective space. Given the exemplary pairwise comparisons of solutions by a DM, we learn an ideal point (for the DM) that is used to evolve toward a better set of solutions. The process is repeated to get the DM's best solution.

Treatment of Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an increasingly recognized problem in children, particularly within tertiary pediatric hospitals. This increase is, in large part, due to ever improving survival among previously fatal conditions, such as extreme prematurity and complicated congenital heart disease. This increased recognition has paralleled burgeoning pharmacologic and interventional PH-specific treatment options.

Glucocorticoids for treating paediatric pulmonary hypertension: a novel use for a common medication.

Laboratory investigations have shown the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and improvement after anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite these observations, reports on the use of steroids to treat pulmonary hypertension in humans are absent from the literature. In this article, we report the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of two children with pulmonary hypertension, demonstrating its potential utility.

Embryonic stem cell-derived haematopoietic progenitor cells down-regulate the CD3 ξ chain on T cells, abrogating alloreactive T cells.

Murine embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) engraft and populate lymphoid organs. In vivo, HPCs engraft across MHC barriers protecting donor-type allografts from rejection. However, the underlying phenomenon remains elusive.

Economic evaluation of an intensified disease management system for patients with type 2 diabetes.

We evaluated the effect of a disease management (DM) program on adherence with recommended laboratory tests, health outcomes, and health care expenditures for patients with type 2 diabetes. The study was a natural experiment in a primary care setting in which the intervention was available to 1 group and then compared to the experience of a matched control group. Univariate analysis and difference in differences analysis were used to test for any significant differences between the 2 groups following a 12-month intervention period.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: a series of 23 cases.

A total of 23 cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma were studied from the histopathology records spanning 23 years. There were 16 men and 7 women afflicted with this tumor and their mean age was 28.1 years.

A comparison of in vitro enamel demineralization potential of 3 orthodontic cements.

The objective of this in vitro study was to compare resistance to enamel demineralization after banding with 3 orthodontic cements. The 3 orthodontic cement groups and the nonbanded control group were evaluated for cariopreventive potential. One hundred twenty extracted human molars were selected for banding, embedded in resin blocks, and randomly assigned to the following 4 groups: zinc phosphate cement, zinc polycarboxylate cement, resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), and nonbanded control.