Performance of large language models (ChatGPT4-0, Grok2 and Gemini) in UK dentistry and dental hygiene and therapy assessments.

Background Artificial intelligence, particularly large language models (LLMs), have demonstrated capabilities in performing complex natural language processing tasks. This study evaluated performance of LLMs in answering dentistry assessment questions and their ability to generate examination questions suitable for undergraduate dentistry.Methods GPT-4o, Grok2, and Gemini were tested on 340 multiple choice questions (MCQs), 80 short-answer question papers (SAPs), and three structured oral examinations within the Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) and dental hygiene and therapy (DHT) programmes.

High resolution clonal architecture of hypomutated Wilms tumours.

A paradigm of childhood cancers is that they have a low mutation burden, with some ostensibly bearing fewer mutations than the normal tissues from which they derive. We set out to resolve this paradox by examining paediatric renal cancers with exceptionally few mutations using high resolution, high depth sequencing approaches. We find that apparent hypomutation is the result of unusual clonal architecture due to a normal tissue-like mode of tumour evolution, raising the possibility that the mutation burden of some cancers has been systematically misjudged.

Antimicrobial resistance genes in the oral microbiome.

A Commentary On: Sukumar S, Rahmanyar Z, El Jurf H Q et al. Mapping the oral resistome: a systematic review. J Med Microbiol 2024; https://doi.

Is team-based learning an alternative approach for UK undergraduate dental education? A scoping review of the literature.

Introduction Team-based learning (TBL) is a dialectic, student-focused method of teaching which has become increasingly popular in international institutions for delivering undergraduate dental education. Despite several dental schools in the UK using dialectic teaching methods, such as problem-based learning, none appear to use TBL.Aims This scoping review aims to identify the literature investigating the use of TBL compared with other teaching pedagogies in delivering undergraduate dental education.

International Multicenter Study of Clinical Outcomes of Sinonasal Melanoma Shows Survival Benefit for Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Potential Improvements to the Current TNM Staging System.

 Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is an extremely rare and challenging sinonasal malignancy with a poor prognosis. Standard treatment involves complete surgical resection, but the role of adjuvant therapy remains unclear. Crucially, our understanding of its clinical presentation, course, and optimal treatment remains limited, and few advancements in improving its management have been made in the recent past.

Artificial intelligence in healthcare and education.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the healthcare and medical and dental education sectors. With advancements in AI technology and its integration into routine tasks, the field of healthcare and education is rapidly evolving. This article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the impact of AI in these sectors and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of its integration.

Malignant Odontogenic Tumours: A Systematic Review of Cases Reported in Literature.

Malignant odontogenic tumours (MOTs) arise either from the tooth forming tissues, their developmental residues or from existing odontogenic epithelial or mesenchymal neoplasms in the jaws. Their management requires extensive surgery due to their infiltrative nature and risk of metastasis. There is a need to understand the clinical and pathological features of MOTs to inform both treatment algorithms and prognostication.

An educational evaluation of learner experiences in dentistry open-book examinations.

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in substantial global disruptions, with many universities restructuring their examinations to open-book assessments. In this format, learners are allowed to use revision notes, textbooks and other permitted material during their examination. Traditionally, dentistry is assessed using closed-book examinations where the use of such materials is prohibited.

Dental implications of some commonly prescribed medicines.

Several medicines can have an impact on oral health or have implications for dental treatment. It is important that general dental practitioners review the medicines that their patients are taking and consider their potential impact. In this article we highlight some of the medicines or groups of medicines that can affect dental treatment and oral health.

Immune infiltrate diversity confers a good prognosis in follicular lymphoma.

Background: Follicular lymphoma (FL) prognosis is influenced by the composition of the tumour microenvironment. We tested an automated approach to quantitatively assess the phenotypic and spatial immune infiltrate diversity as a prognostic biomarker for FL patients.

Methods: Diagnostic biopsies were collected from 127 FL patients initially treated with rituximab-based therapy (52%), radiotherapy (28%), or active surveillance (20%).

An evaluation of sepsis in dentistry.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It is a major health concern and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. It is imperative that the signs of sepsis are identified early in both adult and paediatric patients and appropriately escalated to initiate early treatment and improve prognosis.

Simplifying differential diagnoses of orofacial conditions - a guide to surgical sieves and red flags.

Formulation of a differential diagnosis with appropriate diagnostic tests is critical in day-to-day clinical practice. Many specialists or hospital-based practitioners in specialties such as oral medicine and oral surgery will be familiar with the use of surgical sieves and the term 'red flags' in their practice. However, it is the authors' experience that general dental practitioners may not be as familiar with such tools.

The COVID-19 pandemic and dentistry: the clinical, legal and economic consequences - part 2: consequences of withholding dental care.

As routine care was suspended in most countries, one could anticipate progression of undiagnosed and managed oral disease. Patients are usually unaware of the development of oral disease as it is not visible to them and largely asymptomatic, especially in its early stages. The natural progression of conditions such as caries and periodontitis is inevitable without diagnosis and management.

The COVID-19 pandemic and dentistry: the clinical, legal and economic consequences - part 1: clinical.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus which causes COVID-19, is highly contagious. Dentistry is a high-risk profession for occupational virus transmission because of the close proximity of the operator to the patient during treatment and the procedural generation of aerosols.The impact on the provision of dental care has been profound, with routine care restricted or paused for a period around the world.

Evaluating compliance of dental radiography for paediatric patient assessment in specialised tertiary care units: a United Kingdom multi-centre survey.

Aim The aim of this survey was to determine compliance towards dental radiography selection criteria for paediatric patients undergoing new patient examinations in specialised tertiary care centres in the United Kingdom.Methods Five university-associated dental hospitals were included in this study. Retrospective data was collected reviewing all paediatric patients on the new patient assessment clinics, where dental imaging was requested or the patient had relevant previous imaging.

Challenges in plain film radiographic diagnosis for the dental team: a review of the maxillary sinus.

The maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal sinuses, with its structure and contents commonly visualised on dental radiographs. Dental practitioners are required to evaluate the entire radiograph, and it is likely there is limited exposure to maxillary sinus pathoses and radiological interpretation in the undergraduate curriculum and routine continuing professional development courses. This review covers radiological features of common benign and malignant sinus disease.

Global prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation.

Data sourcesPubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Chinese Biological Medical Literature Database, Chinese Wanfang Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and reference lists of key publications. Language restrictions were placed with inclusion of English and Chinese texts only. No date restrictions were applied.