Chemically modified hyaluronic acid derivatives as ocular drug carriers: A review.

Ocular delivery of therapeutic agents has always been challenging due to the sensitive nature of the eye, restricted permeability through the ocular barrier, and easy wash out of dosage form from ocular surface. These issues have limited the choice of polysaccharides for ocular delivery. In recent times hyaluronic acid (HA) has gained considerable attention as a pharmaceutical excipient in drug delivery.

Evaluation of cilnidipine-loaded self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) by quantification of comparative pharmacokinetic parameters using validated LC-ESI-MS/MS bioanalytical method and pharmacodynamic assessment.

Objective: Regardless of having desired therapeutic properties many of the recently approved drugs are removed from the developmental pipeline for their clinical use due to low solubility and permeability. Conventional dosage forms are found relatively unsuitable for achieving desired pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics profiles. Cilnidipine is 1,4 dihydropyridine derivative calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of hypertension.

Shellac and locust bean gum coacervated curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticle ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model.

Curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate have the disadvantage of low aqueous solubility and first-pass metabolism, resulting in limited bioavailability. This work aimed to enhance oral bioavailability by forming gastric pH-stable shellac nanoparticles containing curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate using locust bean gum by anti-solvent precipitation (CESL-NP). The nanoparticles were characterized by their particle size, morphology, zeta potential, gastric pH stability, release profile, drug loading, and entrapment efficiency.

Carnosic acid attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and its concomitant pathological consequences.

This work aimed to reveal the protective mechanism of CA against Dox (doxorubicin)-induced cardiotoxicity. In isolated murine cardiomyocytes, CA showed a concentration-dependent cytoprotective effect against Dox. Dox treatment significantly (p < 0.

In-situ fast gelling formulation for oral sustained drug delivery of paracetamol to dysphagic patients.

Evaluation of the potential for oral sustained drug delivery of formulations with in-situ gelling properties is the main objective of the present investigation. Oral administration of aqueous dispersion of sodium alginate (1.5% w/v) containing calcium ions in complex form resulted in the formation of gel matrix as a consequence of the release of the calcium ions in the acidic environment of stomach fluid.

Effect of gellan gum on the thermogelation property and drug release profile of Poloxamer 407 based ophthalmic formulation.

The effect of gellan gum on the gelation behavior and in-vitro release of a specific drug named pilocarpine hydrochloride from different ophthalmic formulations based on poloxamer 407 is examined. The mixture of 0.3wt% gellan gum and 18wt% poloxamer (PM) solutions show a considerable increase in gel strength in physiological condition.

Effect of methyl cellulose on gelation behavior and drug release from poloxamer based ophthalmic formulations.

The effect of weight average molecular weight (Mw) of methyl cellulose (MC) on the gelation behavior of Poloxamer 407 (PM) and in vitro release of Ketorolac Tromethamine (KT) from different ophthalmic formulations based on PM is examined. A drop of gelation temperature of PM is observed using MC of various M(w) by test tube tilting method, UV-vis spectroscopy, viscometry and rheometry. It is also observed that the viscosity and gel strength of all the formulations are increased with the increase in Mw of MC.

Effect of xanthan gum and guar gum on in situ gelling ophthalmic drug delivery system based on poloxamer-407.

The aim of this investigation was to develop a novel in situ gelling formulation based on poloxamer-407 (PM) for the sustained release of an ophthalmic drug. In an attempt to reduce the concentration of PM without compromising the in situ gelling capability and also to increase the drug release time, xanthan gum (XG) and guar gum (GG) were added into PM to develop different formulations. At concentrations of 18% and above, the PM was able to undergo sol-gel transition below body temperature.

Expedition of in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiling of sulfur nanoparticles based antimicrobials.

A comprehensive pharmacokinetic profiling of novel drugs and therapeutics is a definite prerequisite of drug discovery and development. The present study expedites the in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic properties of colloidal sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs). In vitro dissolution properties of SNPs have been demonstrated and compared with the in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) serum sample.

Effect of PEG-salt mixture on the gelation temperature and morphology of MC gel for sustained delivery of drug.

Gelation temperature of MC was reduced from 59°C to 54°C with the addition of 10% PEG. Sodium tartrate (NaT) and sodium citrate (NaC) were added to the MC-PEG solution to further reduce the gelation temperature close to physiological temperature. Different techniques were used to measure the gelation temperature of all formulations.

Effect of PVA on the gel temperature of MC and release kinetics of KT from MC based ophthalmic formulations.

The effect of molecular weight of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and sodium chloride on the gelation temperature of methylcellulose (MC) was studied with the objective to develop a MC based formulation for sustained delivery of ketorolac tromethamine a model ophthalmic drug. Pure MC showed sol-gel transition at 61.2 °C.

Study of thermo-sensitive in-situ gels for ocular delivery.

The aim of the present study was the development of thermo-sensitive in-situ gels for in-vitro evaluation of ophthalmic delivery systems of ketorolac tromethamine (KT), based on methylcellulose (MC) in combination with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC). The gel temperature of 1% MC solution was observed at 60°C. It was found that 6% oral rehydration salt without dextrose (ORS) was capable to reduce the gel temperature below physiological temperature.

Effect of salts on gelation and drug release profiles of methylcellulose-based ophthalmic thermo-reversible in situ gels.

The poor bioavailability and therapeutic response exhibited by conventional ophthalmic solutions may be overcome by the use of thermo-reversible in situ gel. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of different salts on the gelation, rheology and drug release of in situ gel based on methylcellulose. The gel temperature of 1% w/v methylcellulose (MC) was 60?C.