Combination of Exercise and Group Occupational Therapy for Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.

Background: The behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) increase the burden for the caregiver, often leading to difficulties in maintaining home care and triggering psychiatric hospitalisation. Effective management of BPSD plays a critical role in dementia care. This study examined whether the addition of short-term exercise therapy to group occupational therapy (OT) was effective in reducing BPSD.

Comparison of Oncological Outcomes of Conventional Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) and ADT Plus Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitor in Older Patients With Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.

Objectives: Evidence on upfront androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the older population with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) is scarce. We aimed to compare the oncological outcomes of ARSI plus ADT (upfront doublet therapy) and conventional ADT in mCSPC patients aged ≥ 75 years in a real-world clinical practice.

Methods: Subjects were mCSPC patients aged ≥ 75 years who received upfront doublet therapy (upfront doublet group) or ADT, either alone or in combination with bicalutamide (conventional ADT group) as a first-line systemic therapy.

Clinical and Neuroimaging Features of Tactile Hallucinations in Patients With Dementia With Lewy Bodies: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: We examined the clinical features of tactile hallucinations associated with dementia with Lewy bodies and investigated their neural substrates.

Methods: This retrospective observational cross-sectional study enrolled 147 patients with probable dementia with Lewy bodies from the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Osaka Hospital, and collected the data of Clinical Dementia Rating, Mini-Mental State Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory-plus, and their demographics. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging and cerebral blood flow data from single-photon emission computed tomography were collected when possible.

Treatment strategies for locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma based on molecular profiles: A Review.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC), which includes bladder carcinoma (accounting for 90-95% of cases) and upper urinary tract carcinoma (comprising 5-10%), is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. For several decades, platinum-based chemotherapy has been the primary treatment modality for this disease. However, recent advancements have significantly transformed the therapeutic landscape for patients with UC.

Comparison of genetic mutations in bladder cancers that arose following radiotherapy for prostate cancer with those in primary bladder cancers.

Radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer increases the risk of bladder cancer. The genomic landscape of bladder cancer following RT for prostate cancer and its differentiation from bladder cancers that develop without a history of pelvic RT remains unclear. We examined gene mutations in bladder cancers that developed following RT and those that developed without prior RT.

EIF2S1 in Urinary Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Diagnostic Marker for Bladder Cancer.

Background: Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs), directly secreted from bladder cancer (BCa) cells, harbor potential for biomarker discovery.

Methods: We performed proteomic analysis to explore and validate uEV-based diagnostic markers for BCa, with a focus on cytoplasmic EV proteins. Among the 1960 proteins identified by shotgun proteomics (tandem mass tag-labeled liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [LC-MS/MS]) of uEVs from seven patients with BCa and four healthy individuals, 17 cytoplasmic EV proteins were significantly elevated in the patients' urine (fold change > 1.

Concurrent examination of gamma-stimulated variability in heart rate and auditory steady-state response in patients with major depressive, bipolar, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV), a well-established indicator of autonomic nervous system function, has been proposed as a clinical biomarker for psychiatric disorders. However, its potential is limited compared to electroencephalography (EEG) markers, possibly due to the influence of confounding factors such as cardiovascular functions. This suggests a need for autonomic metrics more specific to the central nervous system.

Nation-wide Japanese FTD consortium FTLD-J: Utility of case review meetings.

Objectives: To clarify the characteristics of Japanese patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), we have established a nationwide multicenter registry named the Frontiers of Time course and Living specimen registry and Disease-modifying therapy development in Japanese patients with FTLD (FTLD-J). To ensure diagnostic consistency, we implemented case review meetings in the registry and evaluated their utility.

Methods: Between February 2016 and August 2024, 269 patients with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), semantic dementia (SD), or progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA) were registered.

Cancer-induced Pain Is Associated With Poor Overall Survival of Urothelial Carcinoma Patients Treated With Enfortumab Vedotin.

Background/aim: Cancer-induced pain (CIP) exacerbates patient's quality of life. However, it is unknown whether CIP is associated with survival in urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients treated with enfortumab vedotin (EV). This study retrospectively investigated the prognostic significance of CIP in EV-treated UC patients.

Comorbid Diabetes Mellitus Contributes to Residual Overactive Bladder After Transurethral Surgery for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with residual overactive bladder after transurethral surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed male patients aged 50 years or older who underwent transurethral surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia with overactive bladder between January 2014 and December 2022. The subjects were divided into poor and good responder groups based on the presence of overactive bladder after surgery.

Association of body mass index and tumor response in metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with enfortumab vedotin: data from the ULTRA-Japan consortium.

Background: Enfortumab vedotin (EV), an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting Nectin-4, has been available as standard care for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) patients who have progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). However, the association between body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes for EV remains unknown.

Methods: We analyzed the records of 123 mUC patients who received EV.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Androgen Receptor Expression Predicts the Prognosis of Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Abiraterone Acetate.

Background: The efficacy of abiraterone acetate varies among patients with high-risk metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). Both androgen receptor (AR) and cytokeratin 18 (CK18) are markers of the luminal lineage of prostate cancer, and their expression levels have been suggested to affect the response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). This study aimed to predict the efficacy of abiraterone acetate in high-risk mCSPC via immunohistochemical staining of biopsy specimens obtained at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis.

Association between choroid plexus volume and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults without dementia: a population-based cross-sectional analysis.

Background: An increase in choroid plexus (CP) volume may be associated with cognitive decline in older individuals without dementia. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether CP volume can serve as an imaging marker of cognitive decline, determine how strongly CP volume is associated with cognitive decline, and explore factors associated with CP volume in older adults.

Methods: We measured CP volume, brain parenchyma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces associated with disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH), an imaging feature of normal-pressure hydrocephalus, in community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years without dementia.

Comparative analysis of gut microbiota in hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer in Japanese men.

Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and progression of prostate cancer, with previous studies indicating that certain bacterial taxa are more abundant in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) compared to hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). Notably, the composition of gut microbiota can vary significantly by geographic region, and Japanese individuals have a distinct microbial profile. However, research exploring these differences within Japanese populations remains limited.

Regional differences in glucose metabolic decline and tau deposition in the Alzheimer's continuum brain.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau proteins, leading to neurofibrillary tangles. A biomarker-based diagnostic method called the ATN system categorizes AD pathology into amyloid-β (A), tau (T), and neurodegeneration (N). The relationship between regional tau deposition and reduced glucose metabolism in the preclinical AD stage is not well understood.

Real-world outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer beyond progression after upfront androgen receptor signaling inhibitor.

Background: Upfront androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) along with androgen deprivation therapy is the current standard of care for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. However, evidence on second-line therapy after upfront ARSI is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the oncological outcome of ARSI versus docetaxel (DOC) after upfront ARSI therapy in a real-world clinical practice.

Eye-Tracking-Based Cognitive Assessment Efficiently Detects Mild Cognitive Decline in the Predementia Stage.

Introduction: The early detection of cognitive decline is key to maximizing the benefits of preventive and therapeutic interventions against dementia. Generally, dementia is first assessed by interview-based neuropsychological tests, but the lengthy interview and mental stress during the assessment process make screenings inefficient. We previously developed a rapid screening test for dementia using an eye-tracking technology (eye-tracking-based cognitive assessment [ETCA]) and reported its utility for clinically detecting cognitive impairment in dementia cases.

Dysfunctional Parvalbumin Neurons in Schizophrenia and the Pathway to the Clinical Application of Kv3 Channel Modulators.

Based on the pathophysiological changes observed in schizophrenia, the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) hypothesis may facilitate the development of targeted treatments for this disease. This hypothesis, mainly derived from postmortem brain results, postulates dysfunctions in a subset of GABAergic neurons, particularly parvalbumin-containing interneurons. In the cerebral cortex, the fast spike firing of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons is regulated by the Kv3.

Post hoc analysis of the characteristics and treatment needs of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and their caregivers and their physicians' awareness of those treatment needs according to the duration after diagnosis of DLB.

Objectives: To investigate the differences in patient/caregiver characteristics, their treatment needs, and the attending physician's understanding of those treatment needs according to the duration after diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of a multicenter, cross-sectional, questionnaire survey study. A total of 263 patient-caregiver pairs were reclassified into two groups according to the median duration after diagnosis of DLB as follows: short (<24 months; S-group) and long (≥24 months; L-group) post-DLB diagnosis duration.

Sexual Dimorphism of Spinal Neural Circuits Controlling the Mouse External Urethral Sphincter With and Without Spinal Cord Injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts coordination between the bladder and the external urinary sphincter (EUS), leading to transient or permanent voiding impairment, which is more severe in males. Male versus female differences in spinal circuits related to the EUS as well as post-SCI rewiring are essential for understanding of sex-/gender-specific impairments and possible recovery mechanisms. To quantitatively assess differences between EUS circuits in males versus females and in spinal intact (SI) versus SCI animals, we retrogradely traced and counted EUS-related neurons.