Adaptation strategies of horses with induced forelimb lameness walking on a treadmill.

Background: There is a paucity of research describing the gait pattern of lame horses at the walk.

Objectives: To describe the changes in motion pattern and vertical ground reaction forces (GRFz) in horses with induced forelimb lameness at the walk and compare those changes with the changes observed at the trot.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Accuracy and precision of gait events derived from motion capture in horses during walk and trot.

This study aimed to create an evidence base for detection of stance-phase timings from motion capture in horses. The objective was to compare the accuracy (bias) and precision (SD) for five published algorithms for the detection of hoof-on and hoof-off using force plates as the reference standard. Six horses were walked and trotted over eight force plates surrounded by a synchronised 12-camera infrared motion capture system.

In vitro and in vivo characteristics of celecoxib in situ formed suspensions for intra-articular administration.

The objective of the present study was to explore the potential of using an in situ suspension forming drug delivery system of celecoxib to provide sustained drug exposure in the joint cavity following intra-articular administration. In vitro, precipitates were formed upon addition of a 400 mg/mL solution of celecoxib in polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) to phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, or synovial fluid.

Pharmacokinetics of intra-articular morphine in horses with lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis.

Objective: To describe the pharmacokinetics of intra-articularly (IA) administered morphine.

Study Design: Experimental randomized, cross-over study.

Animals: Eight adult healthy mixed breed horses aged 6.

Analgesic efficacy of intra-articular morphine in experimentally induced radiocarpal synovitis in horses.

Objective: To compare the analgesic effect of intra-articular (IA) and intravenous (IV) morphine in horses with experimentally induced synovitis.

Animals: Eight adult horses.

Study Design: Randomized, observer blinded, double dummy trial with sequential crossover design.

Anti-inflammatory effects of intra-articular administration of morphine in horses with experimentally induced synovitis.

Objective: To compare the effects of intra-articular (IA) versus IV administration of morphine on local and systemic inflammatory responses in horses with experimentally induced acute synovitis.

Animals: 8 horses.

Procedures: Each horse received the following 2 treatments 4 hours after synovitis was induced: IA administration of morphine (0.

The pharmacokinetics of the weakly protein-bound anionic compound diatrizoate in serum and synovial fluid of the horse.

Purpose: To establish a pharmacokinetic model for the model drug, sodium diatrizoate (DTZ), allowing joint disappearance kinetics to be estimated from serum appearance kinetics following intra-articular administration, and to calculate the relative joint exposure after intravenous and intra-articular DTZ administration (F(iv/IA)).

Methods: Each of five horses received an aqueous solution of 3.9 mg/kg sodium diatrizoate both intravenously and intra-articularly separated by a one-week wash out period.

Concentrations of serum amyloid A in serum and synovial fluid from healthy horses and horses with joint disease.

Objective: To determine serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in serum and synovial fluid from healthy horses and horses with joint disease and assess the effect of repeated arthrocentesis on SAA concentrations in synovial fluid. Animals-10 healthy horses and 21 horses with various types of joint disease.

Procedures: Serum and synovial fluid samples were obtained from each horse.