The effect of long-term exposure to single and mixed mineral ions related to water hardness on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus).

The current study aimed to evaluate the harmful effects of single and mixed minerals involved in water hardness on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Seventy-five fish were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 15), each consisting of three replicates (n = 5), and subjected to the following treatments for two months: standard fishery water, Ca (186 mg/L CaCl₂), Mg (40 mg/L MgCl₂), Na (25 g/L NaHCO₃), a mixture of MgCl₂, CaCl₂, and NaHCO₃ at the same protocol dosing to adjust water hardness at 300 mg/L. The results reported that fish exposed to Ca, Na, and Mix salts showed a significant decline in growth performance, serum antioxidant levels, and protein profile along with a significant rise in the enzymatic activity of ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, and MDA levels (P ≤ 0.

A comparative analysis of the outcomes of Rezūm therapy based on prostate size: a four-year retrospective analysis.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of Rezūm therapy in small versus large prostates through a four-year follow-up.

Patients And Methods: One-hundred seventy patients who underwent Rezūm therapy were retrospectively included and divided into 2 equal groups, small (˂ 80gm) and large prostate groups (80-120 gm). Both groups were assessed preoperatively and at 3, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months post-procedure for operative time, number of vapor injection, catheterization time, hospital stay and post-procedure: prostatic size, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), post-void residual (PVR), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and complications.

Modalities of management of residual upper calyceal stones after percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn stone: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: This study assessed the safety and efficacy of management strategies for residual upper calyceal stones (1-2 cm) following percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn calculi, comparing conservative management to interventional approaches.

Methods: A randomized trial included 105 patients with residual stones, assigned to flexible ureterorenoscopic laser lithotripsy (Group A), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL, Group B), or conservative management (Group C). Outcomes included the need for additional interventions, stone-free rates, complications, and cost-effectiveness.

Satisfactory functional outcomes and low recurrence rates at a mean 10-year follow-up after combined staged synovectomy and external radiotherapy for diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee.

Introduction: Diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the knee is a locally destructive lesion that tends to recur following surgical synovectomy. This study aims to evaluate the long-term functional outcomes and recurrence rates of combined staged synovectomy and external radiotherapy in managing diffuse PVNS of the knee.

Methods: The data of twenty-three patients who had a diffuse PVNS of the knee between June 2011 and September 2017 were retrospectively collected.

Assessment of fracture stability following modified minimally invasive reduction osteosynthesis system (MIROS) fixation for Neer 2 and 3-Part proximal humeral fractures.

Background: Conservative management for elderly proximal humeral fractures is an acceptable option, but the fracture stability is dubious. The purpose of this study was to investigate fracture stability and functional outcomes after modified minimally invasive reduction osteosynthesis system (MIROS) and non-surgical treatment for Neer two and three-part proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients.

Methods: Elderly Patients with two and three-part proximal humeral fractures who underwent modified MIROS fixation and non-operative management were retrospectively included.

The Potential Mechanism and the Role of Antioxidants in Mitigating Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia and a significant contributor to health issues and mortality among older individuals. This condition involves a progressive deterioration in cognitive function and the onset of dementia. Recent advancements suggest that the development of AD is more intricate than its underlying brain abnormalities alone.

Is it beneficial to use lateral protective crossing K-wires during medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy? A retrospective comparative study.

Background: An iatrogenic lateral hinge fracture is a common intraoperative problem that may occur during medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO). This study aims to assess the significance of using additional crossing lateral K-wires and their advantage in protecting the lateral hinge during MOWHTO procedures.

Methods: The data of patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria who underwent MOWHTO between May 2021 and August 2022 were retrospectively evaluated.

Comparison of Medical Students' Peer Evaluation and Teaching Staff Evaluation of Community Health Projects: Perceptions and Experiences.

Background: Public health education increasingly emphasizes experiential learning and community engagement. Peer review complements traditional staff evaluation, enhancing learning outcomes and refining teaching strategies. This study aims to investigate the perceptions and experiences of medical students with peer evaluation of community health projects.

The effect of tonsillectomy on clinical manifestations in Familial Mediterranean fever.

Purpose: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most prevalent genetic autoinflammatory disease worldwide. There are several novel advancements in pathophysiology, genetic testing, diagnosis, comorbidities, disease-related damage, and treatment strategies. This study aimed to assess the effect of tonsillectomy on FMF disease severity and activity.

Pathological studies on skeletal muscle atrophy in common fish products from El-Jubail Province, Saudi Arabia.

In this study, 10 fish species, Jayan flounder (Pseudorhombus javanicus); Oriental sole (Eurgglossa arientalis); Oange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides); Blacktip trevally (Caranx heberi); Towbar seabream (Acanthopagrus bifascia); Smalltooth emperor (Lethrinus microdon); Spangled emperio (Lethrinus nebulous); Sharptooth hammer croaker (Johnius vogleri); Bigeye croaker (Pennahia anea) and Redspine thread bream (Nemipterus nemurus), were examined in El-Jubail province, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf region over three years from 2017 to 2020. The examined fish species showed muscular atrophy in a total percent of 1.1%, but with variable percentages of affections in each species.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 mortality in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective multi-center study.

Background/aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increased morbidity and mortality in health institutions worldwide. The present study describes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 mortality rates. Investigating the factors that affect COVID-19 mortality will be helpful in reducing the burden of morbidity and mortality in healthcare systems.

Osteogenic sarcomas in two fish species giant sea catfish (Arius thalassinus), and Delagoa threadfin bream (Nemipterus bipunctatu) caught from Saudi Arabia, the Arabian Gulf.

During routine veterinary inspection of fish from fishing boats, fish auction yards, and fish landing stations, as well as the large fish market for detection of fish diseases, abnormalities and/or overgrowth in body surfaces and evaluation of hygienic conditions and fish quality at El-Jubail Province, Saudi Arabia., external neoplastic overgrowths were observed in two fish species, giant sea catfish (Arius thalassinus) and Delagoa threadfin bream (Nemipterus bipunctatu). In both fishes, the neoplasms appeared as bony masses, and it was hard in its consistency.

Epigallocatechin gallate-rich fraction alleviates histamine-induced neurotoxicity in rats via inactivating caspase-3/JNK signaling pathways.

Ingestion of prominent levels of histamine (HIS) leads to dangerous effects on biological systems. The most frequent and active catechin in green tea is epigallocatechin gallate which has strong antioxidant properties. Our research intended to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin gallate-rich fraction (EGCGR) against HIS-inducing neurotoxicity.

Coping Mechanisms and Posttraumatic Stress Exhibited by Children in Areas of Yemen's Armed Conflict in Southern Saudi Arabia.

This study is an attempt to explore war-related trauma, its stressful effects, and the coping strategies of Saudi schoolchildren. The authors hypothesized that children exposed to war-related trauma will show higher levels of PTSD, and that those with higher levels of PTSD symptoms use more maladaptive coping strategies. The study describes the correlation between traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as coping strategies.

Can shear wave elastography predict the success of shock‑wave lithotripsy used in renal stones treatment? A prospective study.

Objective: To evaluate the usage of shear wave elastography (SWE) in the prediction of the success rate of shock‑wave lithotripsy (SWL) treatment of renal stones.

Patients And Methods: In the present study, SWL was performed for 100 patients presented with renal stones in the duration from May 2022 to August 2023. The patients were divided into 2 groups SWL responders and non-responders.

Novel insights on the probable mechanism associated with histamine oral model-inducing neuropathological and behavioral toxicity in rats.

Histamine (HIS) is an important chemical mediator that causes vasodilation and contributes to anaphylactic reactions. Recently, HIS is an understudied neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and its potential role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration is a critical area of research. So, the study's goal is to investigate the consequences of repeated oral intake of HIS on the rat's brain and explore the mechanistic way of its neurotoxicity.

Does the duration of catheterization have an impact on the outcome of trial without catheter in patients with acute urine retention (AUR) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)? A prospective randomized study.

Background: To study the impact of early in comparison to late catheter removal following acute urine retention (AUR) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using silodosin therapy on the outcome of trial without catheter (TWOC).

Methods: Two hundred sixty patients with AUR 2ry to BPH were catheterized then were randomly divided to receive silodosin 8 mg either for three or 7 days followed by catheter removal and successful voiding unaided was assessed.

Results: Out of the 260 men (mean age 64.

Does bacterial colonization influence ureteral stent-associated morbidity? A prospective study.

Objective: to evaluate the effect of bacterial colonization on ureteral stent-associated morbidity.

Methods: This was a prospective study that took place between February 2019 and March 2022. We examined one hundred fifteen patients for ureteric stents application.

The association between smartphone use and sleep quality, psychological distress, and loneliness among health care students and workers in Saudi Arabia.

Background: The use of smartphones among the general public and health care practitioners, in particular, is ubiquitous. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep quality, psychological distress, and loneliness among health care students and workers in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire to collect data on smartphone addiction, sleep quality, psychological distress, and loneliness as well as demographic information.

Immune Cell Reaction Associated with Infection in Sheep with Particular Reference to ELISA as a Diagnostic Tool.

Sturdy is a disease caused by () that typically affects the brain and spinal cord of sheep. So, this study aimed to detect the pathological, hematological and immunological changes caused by in sheep. On examination, a total of 17 sheep out of 30 sheep (56.

Use of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) compared with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) in pediatric kidney stones.

Objective: We aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) for pediatric kidney stones management.

Patients And Methods: Ninety pediatric patients with single or multiple renal stones 1-3 cm in diameter were collected prospectively and equally divided into two groups to undergo RIRS or mini-PCNL. The groups were compared for fluoroscopy and operative time, postoperative hospital stay time, stone-free rate (SFR), need for auxiliary procedures, and cost as well as complications.

Population health data in KSA: Status, challenges, and opportunities.

Population dynamics and health risk factors keep changing in the KSA, requiring continuous research and quality data. We aimed to review the current status of population health data, outline the available opportunities for data utilization, and provide recommendations for population data-related improvement initiatives. We provide practical solutions to support the collection, linkage, quality assurance, and governance of population health data.