Neuropilin-1 expression in primary and metastatic prostate cancer: Expression patterns and clinicopathological correlations.

Despite significant advancements in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostics, it remains a challenge for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. The aging global population and the established correlation between PCa incidence and advancing age suggest an anticipated rise in cases. Traditional clinicopathological parameters, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, Gleason Grade Group, and pT stage, highlight the need for novel biomarkers to improve prognostic accuracy and risk assessment.

DNA Methylation Profiling Separates SDH-Deficient GISTs From KIT-PDGFRA-Driven GISTs and Identifies Predictive Biomarkers for Targeted Therapy.

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), a critical enzyme in the citric acid cycle and respiratory electron transport chain, consists of 4 subunits: SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD. Deficiency of a single subunit leads to the loss of SDH activity which is implicated in the development of a subset of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): SDH-deficient GISTs. These GISTs arise almost exclusively in the stomach, have a female predilection, and primarily affect children and young adults.

Revisiting the Role of Lymphovascular Invasion in Prostate Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an adverse histopathological marker in prostate cancer, associated with increased risks of disease progression and biochemical recurrence. Despite its established value as an independent predictive factor, LVI remains underutilized in clinical decision-making. In particular, LVI identified in radical prostatectomy specimens does not currently influence management strategies, even though numerous studies highlight its critical role in patient outcomes.

Utility of Protein Kinase C Beta II Immunohistochemistry in Differential Diagnosis of Ewing Sarcoma.

The diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma can be challenging, particularly when the tumor is present in an atypical location and resembles histologic mimics. The hallmark feature of Ewing sarcoma is chromosomal translocation, t(11;22)(q24;q12), involving EWSR1 and ETS gene family members. For decades, fluorescence in situ hybridization with a break-apart EWSR1 probe has been the diagnostic gold standard.

MMR deficiency is frequent in colorectal carcinomas with diffuse SLFN11 immunostaining: clinicopathologic and molecular study of 31 cases identified among 3,300 tumors.

Schlafen 11 (SLFN11), a regulator of cell fate following DNA injury, sensitizes tumor cells to DNA-damaging agents. Patients with SLFN11-positive tumors may benefit from DNA-damaging chemotherapies. SLFN11 has been studied in different types of cancer including colorectal carcinomas.

An immunohistochemical and molecular genetic study of 60 colorectal carcinoma brain metastases in pursuit of predictive biomarkers for cancer therapy.

Colorectal carcinoma brain metastases (n = 60) were studied using next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry. RAS and BRAF mutations were detected in 58.2% and 7.

Interstitial Cells of Cajal and PX Receptors at Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction and Their Relationship with Pain Response.

: Etiopathogenesis and the symptomatology of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in the pediatric population has not yet been definitely clarified, suggesting a multifactorial nature of the condition. The aim was to analyze the association between the number of Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICCs), as well as PX receptors in ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) and the pain response in pediatric patients with hydronephrosis. 50 patients with congenital hydronephrosis underwent open or laparoscopic pyeloplasty at one of two departments of pediatric surgery and urology in Poland.

Expression of Immunotherapy Target PRAME in Cancer Correlates with Histone H3 Acetylation and Is Unrelated to Expression of Methylating (DMNT3A/3B) and Demethylating (TET1) Enzymes.

Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME), a member of the cancer testis antigen family, is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of PRAME expression might be crucial for optimizing anti-PRAME treatments. Three malignancies of different lineages (sinonasal melanoma, testicular seminoma, and synovial sarcoma), in which immunohistochemical (IHC) reactivity for PRAME is a common yet variable feature, were studied.

RhoA/ROCK Pathway Is Upregulated in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis and Is Inhibited by Simvastatin at the Stage of Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation.

Many studies have proven the involvement of the RhoA/ROCK pathway in autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases and the beneficial effects of its downregulation. Here, we examined whether the effect of simvastatin on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) may be through targeting the Ras homolog family member A/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases (RhoA/ROCK) pathway and whether previously shown downregulation of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) could be associated with MLC phosphorylation. Two doses of simvastatin were administered to experimental rats with autoimmune myocarditis by gastric gavage for 3 weeks, at the stage of development of the inflammatory process.

Utility of Immunohistochemistry With Antibodies to SS18-SSX Chimeric Proteins and C-Terminus of SSX Protein for Synovial Sarcoma Differential Diagnosis.

Synovial sarcoma is a relatively common soft tissue tumor characterized by highly specific t(X;18)(p11;q11) translocation resulting in the fusion of SS18 with members of SSX gene family. Typically, detection of SS18 locus rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization or SS18 :: SSX fusion transcripts confirms the diagnosis. More recently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for SS18-SSX chimeric protein (E9X9V) and C-terminus of SSX (E5A2C) showed high specificity and sensitivity for synovial sarcoma.

Comparative analysis of GOLPH3 expression in lymph node-positive prostate cancer: immunohistochemistry staining patterns and clinical significance.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Lymph node metastasis is a poor prognostic factor for PCa. Previous studies have found that Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is overexpressed in various cancers, including PCa.

Role of IL-17A and IL-17RA in Prostate Cancer with Lymph Nodes Metastasis: Expression Patterns and Clinical Significance.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer among men. The use of IL-17A and its receptor IL-17RA as prognostic markers for PCa has shown promising results. We analyzed the clinical data of 77 patients with PCa after radical prostatectomy with lymphadenectomy and lymph node metastasis (LN+).

Evaluation of the Value of Perfusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Differential Diagnosis of Sellar and Parasellar Tumors.

The purpose of this study was to assess the value of perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) in the differential diagnosis of sellar and parasellar tumors, as an additional sequence in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. Analysis was based on a substantial group of subjects and included 124 brain and pituitary MRI examinations with a dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) PWI sequence. The following perfusion parameters were determined for the tumors: relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative peak height (rPH) and relative percentage of signal intensity recovery (rPSR).

The Protective Effect of Simvastatin on the Systolic Function of the Heart in the Model of Acute Ischemia and Reperfusion Is Due to Inhibition of the RhoA Pathway and Independent of Reduction of MMP-2 Activity.

The present study investigated whether Rho-associated protein kinase (RhoA/ROCK) signaling pathway inhibitor simvastatin inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity in a rat ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/Ri) model by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway and reducing mRNA levels. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to aerobic perfusion or I/Ri control. The effect of simvastatin was assessed in hearts subjected to I/Ri.

Alterations in key signaling pathways in sinonasal tract melanoma. A molecular genetics and immunohistochemical study of 90 cases and comprehensive review of the literature.

Sinonasal mucosal melanoma is a rare tumor arising within the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, or nasopharynx (sinonasal tract). This study evaluated 90 cases diagnosed in 29 males and 61 females with median age 68 years. Most tumors involved the nasal cavity and had an epithelioid morphology.

Biomechanics of esophageal elongation with traction sutures on experimental animal model.

Esophageal elongation is one of the methods of long gap esophageal atresia treatment. The aim of the study was to determine the best type of traction suture for esophageal lengthening on an animal model. White Pekin Duck's esophagi were used as a model (fresh-frozen and thawed).

The layer-specific biomechanical properties of dissecting ascending aortic aneurysm (Stanford type A of dissection).

Purpose: The aims of this paper was the analysis of the mechanical properties of dissected wall of the ascending aortic aneurysm (n = 12).

Methods: All aortas were collected from men (mean age: 48 ± 12 years, mean diameter of the aneurysm: 49 mm ± 4 mm). The mechanical properties were determined based on directional tensile test.

Nuclear Factor IA Is Down-regulated in Muscle-invasive and High-grade Bladder Cancers.

Background/aim: Nuclear factor I (NFI) A and NFIB are transcription factors involved in the regulation of cell differentiation and organ development. More recently, they have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, acting as context-dependent tumor promoters or suppressors.

Materials And Methods: Expression of NFIA and NFIB was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 136 primary urothelial bladder cancers.

Colorectal Adenocarcinomas Harboring ALK Fusion Genes: A Clinicopathologic and Molecular Genetic Study of 12 Cases and Review of the Literature.

This study determined the frequency and the clinicopathologic and genetic features of colorectal carcinomas driven by oncogenic fusions of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK). Of the 8150 screened tumors, 12 (0.15%) were immunohistochemically ALK-positive with D5F3 antibody.