Immunomodulatory effects of 4-hydroxynonenal.

The reactive aldehyde 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is a byproduct of lipid peroxidation driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS). 4-HNE covalently binds to macromolecules such as proteins, altering their functions. While 4-HNE is implicated in various ROS-related pathologies, its impact on the immune system remains incompletely understood.

Inflammation Promotes Proteolytic Processing of the Prohormone Chromogranin A by Macrophages.

Chromogranin A (CgA), a 439-amino acid-long protein produced by neuroendocrine cells, is critical in health and disease. Through proteolytic processing, CgA is transformed into several bioactive peptides. These peptides, as well as CgA, have been implicated in various pathological conditions.

Analytical workflow for comprehensive blood metabolomics analysis by GC-MS. Application to children with ventilator associated pneumonia.

Metabolomics is a widely used approach for analyzing a vast array of low molecular weight compounds such as amino acids, organic acids, vitamins, biogenic amines and carbohydrates in biological samples, with the aim of investigating biomarkers in personalized medicine studies. Advancements in gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrumentation, along with the availability of commercial and public spectral libraries, have highlighted the relevance of GC-MS analysis as a valuable tool for metabolomics applications. Stability assessment in derivatisation and GC-MS analysis is a crucial yet often overlooked aspect of metabolomics studies.

Groundwater electro-bioremediation via diffuse electro-conductive zones: A critical review.

Microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) can remove a variety of organic and inorganic pollutants from contaminated groundwater. However, despite significant laboratory-scale successes over the past decade, field-scale applications remain limited. We hypothesize that enhancing the electrochemical conductivity of the soil surrounding electrodes could be a groundbreaking and cost-effective alternative to deploying numerous high-surface-area electrodes in short distances.

PLA 3D Printing as a Straightforward and Versatile Fabrication Method for PDMS Molds.

3D printing is gaining traction in research and development as a way to quickly, cheaply, and easily manufacture polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds. The most commonly used method is resin printing, which is relatively expensive and requires specialized printers. This study shows that polylactic acid (PLA) filament printing is a cheaper, more readily available alternative to resin printing, that does not inhibit the curing of PDMS.