Dapagliflozin in Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure: Primary Results of the DAPA ACT HF-TIMI 68 Randomized Clinical Trial and Meta-Analysis of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce the risk of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure (HF) in outpatients with HF. Data are limited regarding initiation in patients hospitalized for HF.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of in-hospital initiation of dapagliflozin (10 mg daily) in patients hospitalized for HF.

Outcomes in Older Patients After Switching to a Newer Anticoagulant or Remaining on Warfarin: The COMBINE-AF Substudy.

Background: Whether frail, elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) on a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) should switch to a direct-acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) was studied in the FRAIL-AF trial and remains controversial.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in the COMBINE-AF data set, the impact on clinical outcomes of switching frail, elderly AF patients from VKA to DOAC.

Methods: COMBINE-AF consists of individual patient-level data from 71,683 patients with AF in 4 randomized clinical trials comparing DOAC vs warfarin.

Processing spent yerba mate by pyrolysis to methoxyphenol-rich oil.

Drinking hot, concentrated infusions of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) from gourds generates, only in Argentina, >220 Mt organic waste available annually for biorefining. Herein, we show that spent yerba mate (SYM) -the organic waste generated when the infusion becomes flavorless- has (bio)chemical features that make it particularly suitable for processing by pyrolysis, and we describe a custom-made device to run it. Extracting SYM with ethanol and acetic acid removed nearly all non-structural phenolics, caffein, and Ca, K, Mg and Mn minerals, without significant structural changes to the remaining fibrous biopolymers.

Estimating and presenting non-linear associations with restricted cubic splines.

Most of the regression models commonly used in epidemiology-including logistic regression and methods for time-to-event outcomes such as Cox regression-define the relationship between a set of covariates and the outcome of interest using linear functions, thus making implicit assumptions of linearity for continuous covariates. Categorizing continuous covariates, which represents a common option to address non-linearities, introduces additional assumptions and has recognized limitations in terms of results interpretation. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) offer a flexible alternative tool that can improve the model fit in the presence of non-linear associations, overcoming many of the limitations of categorical approaches and providing information on the shape of the exposure-outcome relationship.

Differences Between Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Heart Failure Related Cardiogenic Shock.

Background: Heart failure-related cardiogenic shock (HF-CS) accounts for a growing proportion of cardiogenic shock (CS)-related admissions to contemporary cardiac intensive care units. Limited data exist comparing nonischemic (NICM) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) in this setting.

Methods And Results: We sought to examine the differences in patients' characteristics, in-hospital treatments and outcomes in individuals admitted with ICM and NICM HF-CS.