Characterization of DMRT1 variants for testis determination and differentiation in emu.

Introduction: DMRT1 on the Z chromosome is a conserved male sex-determining gene in birds. In chickens, a representative model species of Neognathae, the function of DMRT1 has been well characterized. In contrast, Palaeognathae species such as the emu possess less differentiated sex chromosomes and thus provide a valuable system for investigating avian sex determination, yet molecular studies remain limited.

Multiple Sry genes in the Okinawa spiny rat encode proteins with an A-to-S substitution in the HMG domain that retain DNA-binding ability.

The mammalian sex-determining gene SRY is highly conserved across species, with only a few exceptions. The Japanese rodent genus Tokudaia is known for its unique sex chromosome evolution. The Okinawa spiny rat T.

Loss of One X and the Y Chromosome Changes the Configuration of the X Inactivation Center in the Genus Tokudaia.

Introduction: X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is an essential mechanism for dosage compensation between females and males in mammals. In females, XCI is controlled by a complex, conserved locus termed the X inactivation center (Xic), in which the lncRNA Xist is the key regulator. However, little is known about the Xic in species with unusual sex chromosomes.

The Neo-X Does Not Form a Barr Body but Shows a Slightly Condensed Structure in the Okinawa Spiny Rat (Tokudaia muenninki).

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is an essential mechanism for gene dosage compensation between male and female cells in mammals. The Okinawa spiny rat (Tokudaia muenninki) is a native rodent in Japan with XX/XY sex chromosomes, like most mammals; however, the X chromosome has acquired a neo-X region (Xp) by fusion with an autosome. We previously reported that dosage compensation has not yet evolved in the neo-X region; however, X-inactive-specific transcript (Xist) RNA (long non-coding RNA required for the initiation of XCI) is partially localized in the region.

Comparative Genomics Identifies Conserved and Variable TAL Effectors in African Strains of the Cotton Pathogen pv. .

Strains of pv. cause bacterial blight of cotton, a potentially serious threat to cotton production worldwide, including in sub-Saharan countries. Development of disease symptoms, such as water soaking, has been linked to the activity of a class of type 3 effectors, called transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors, which induce susceptibility genes in the host's cells.

Taxonomical Evaluation of Plant Chloroplastic Markers by Bayesian Classifier.

DNA barcodes are standardized sequences that range between 400 and 800 bp, vary at different taxonomic levels, and make it possible to assign sequences to species that have been previously taxonomically characterized. Several DNA barcodes have been postulated for plants, nonetheless, their classification potential has not been evaluated for metabarcoding, and as a result, it would appear as none of them excels above the others in this area. One tool that has been widely used and served as a baseline when evaluating new approaches is Naïve Bayesian Classifiers (NBC).

Analysis of Lipidome Disclosed Differences Among the Species and Reveals Presence of Unusual Yeast Lipids.

yeasts are lipid dependent and part of the human and animal skin microbiome. However, they are also associated with a variety of dermatological conditions and even cause systemic infections. How these yeasts can live as commensals on the skin and switch to a pathogenic stage has long been a matter of debate.