Addison's disease due to adrenal insufficiency in an immunocompetent patient with disseminated cryptococcosis. Case report.

Systemic mycoses, such as cryptococcosis, mainly affect the lungs and central nervous system; however, involvement of other organs, such as the adrenal glands, is rare. This has been described in some cases of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) of fungal origin, which are associated with high mortality. We present the case of a 65-year-old immunocompetent man who presented clinical manifestations of adrenal insufficiency.

Cardiovascular Aging: From Molecular Mechanisms to Targeted Therapies.

Cardiovascular aging is a complex biological process involving progressive cellular and molecular changes that impair heart and vascular function. This review evaluates both fundamental mechanisms and therapeutic strategies, focusing on how recent advances in pharmacology, gene therapy, and regenerative medicine can be translated into clinical practice to mitigate age-related cardiovascular decline. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to 2023, examining molecular pathways of cardiovascular aging and their modulation through pharmacological, genetic, and lifestyle interventions.

Advances in regenerative cardiology: Stem cells versus bioartificial tissues.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The human myocardium has a limited regenerative capacity, prompting the development of innovative strategies to restore cardiac function. Stem cells (SCs) and bioartificial tissues (BATs) have emerged as promising tools in regenerative cardiology for myocardial repair and functional recovery.

A rare neurological odyssey: Gastric adenocarcinoma and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis - A Peruvian case study.

Background: Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis involves the diffuse infiltration of neoplastic cells in the central nervous system, affecting 5-8% of leukemia, breast, and lung cancer cases. Gastric cancer instances are rare, mostly in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. We report the first Peruvian case, featuring gastric adenocarcinoma.

Immunomodulatory effect of allium sativum in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder marked by chronic hyperglycemia and low-grade inflammation, contributing to various complications. Natural agents with immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties have gained attention as adjunct therapies. To review the effects of Allium sativum on inflammatory pathways and metabolic alterations associated with T2DM.

Bullous pemphigoid associated with vildagliptin in an elderly adult with diabetes mellitus. First case in Peru.

Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), stands out for its safety in older adults. However, it is associated with adverse reactions, such as bullous pemphigoid (BP), although no cases have been documented in Peru to date. We report the case of a 76-year-old male patient with hypertension and DM2 who started treatment with vildagliptin and metformin.

Paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes: a contemporary overview.

Introduction: Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes (ePNS) are caused by malignant cells that induce hormonal alterations unrelated to the tissue of origin of the neoplasm. The aim of this manuscript is to review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes (ePNS).

Areas Covered: We searched the PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Scielo databases, including 96 articles.

Methimazole-Induced Pancytopenia in a Patient with Graves' Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: Methimazole is an antithyroid drug known to cause hematological toxicity, including agranulocytosis and, very rarely, pancytopenia. We herein present a case of a patient with Graves' Disease (GD) who developed methimazole-induced pancytopenia.

Case Report: A 53-year-old Peruvian woman with GD, initially treated with methimazole 20 mg BID, experienced odynophagia, fever, and malaise after 37 days of treatment.

Osteochondroplastic tracheobronchopathy: Four case reports.

Introduction: Osteochondroplastic tracheobronchopathy is a rare benign chronic disease of unknown etiology. Bronchoscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosing osteochondroplastic tracheobronchopathy. Its typical findings are described as a cobblestone, rock garden, mountainscape, or stalactite cave appearance.

From liver to hormones: The endocrine consequences of cirrhosis.

Hepatocrinology explores the intricate relationship between liver function and the endocrine system. Chronic liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis can cause endocrine disorders due to toxin accumulation and protein synthesis disruption. Despite its importance, assessing endocrine issues in cirrhotic patients is frequently neglected.

Drug-induced hypothyroidism in tuberculosis.

Introduction: Adverse reactions to tuberculosis treatment can impact patient adherence and prognosis. Hypothyroidism is a frequent adverse reaction caused using ethionamide, prothionamide, and para-aminosalicylic acid and is often underdiagnosed.

Areas Covered: We searched Scielo, Scopus, and EMBASE databases, including 67 articles.

Ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity in oncological patients.

Introduction: Ifosfamide is an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of various neoplasms. Its main adverse effects include renal damage.

Areas Covered: A comprehensive review was conducted, including 100 articles from the Scielo, Scopus, and EMBASE databases.

Thyroid dysfunction and female infertility. A comprehensive review.

Introduction: Female infertility is defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy following one year of consistent, unprotected sexual intercourse. Among the various endocrine factors contributing to this complex issue, thyroid dysfunction assumes a pivotal and noteworthy role.

Methods: A narrative review, encompassing 134 articles up to 2023, was conducted utilizing the PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Scielo databases.

A comprehensive review of genetic causes of obesity.

Background: Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease with a high, increasing worldwide prevalence. Genetic causes account for 7% of the cases in children with extreme obesity.

Data Sources: This narrative review was conducted by searching for papers published in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and SciELO databases and included 161 articles.

Cushing disease in pediatrics: an update.

Cushing disease (CD) is the main cause of endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) and is produced by an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing pituitary adenoma. Its relevance in pediatrics is due to the retardation of both growth and developmental processes because of hypercortisolism. In childhood, the main features of CS are facial changes, rapid or exaggerated weight gain, hirsutism, virilization, and acne.

Thyrotoxic Cardiomyopathy: State of the Art.

Thyroid hormones, mainly triiodothyronine, have genomic and non-genomic effects on cardiomyocytes related to the contractile function of the heart. Thyrotoxicosis, which is the set of signs and symptoms derived from the excess of circulating thyroid hormones, leads to increased cardiac output and decreased systemic vascular resistance, increasing the volume of circulating blood and causing systolic hypertension. In addition, the shortening of the refractory period of cardiomyocytes produces sinus tachycardia and atrial fibrillation.

Diabetic neuropathy: Past, present, and future.

Background: A sedentary lifestyle and an unhealthy diet have considerably increased the incidence of diabetes mellitus worldwide in recent decades, which has generated a high rate of associated chronic complications.

Methods: A narrative review was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASES and SciELO databases, including 162 articles.

Results: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common of these complications, mainly producing two types of involvement: sensorimotor neuropathy, whose most common form is symmetric distal polyneuropathy, and autonomic neuropathies, affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and urogenital system.

Lipschütz acute vulvar ulcer related to COVID-19 vaccination: First case report in South America.

Lipschütz ulcer is a non-sexually transmitted genital lesion of unknown etiology, which presents as a painful vulvar ulcer. Lipschütz ulcers have been described in most continents. This is the first case reported in Peru and South America.

Diagnosis and management of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors: A state-of-the-art.

This review provides an update on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the small bowel (SB). These NENs are defined as a group of neoplasms deriving from neuroendocrine cells. NENs are currently the most common primary tumors of the SB, mainly involving the ileum, making the SB the most frequently affected part of the gastrointestinal tract.