From Description to Diagnostics: Assessing AI's Capabilities in Forensic Gunshot Wound Classification.

: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into forensic science is expanding, yet its application in firearm injury diagnostics remains underexplored. This study investigates the diagnostic capabilities of ChatGPT-4 (February 2024 update) in classifying gunshot wounds, specifically distinguishing entrance from exit wounds, and evaluates its potential, limitations, and forensic applicability. : ChatGPT-4 was tested using three datasets: (1) 36 firearm injury images from an external database, (2) 40 images of intact skin from the forensic archive of the University of Catania (negative control), and (3) 40 real-case firearm injury images from the same archive.

The role of artificial intelligence in analyzing clinical malpractice disputes through medical record management.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare has revolutionized various aspects of clinical practice, including the management of medical malpractice disputes. AI-driven technologies, particularly machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP), enable the automated analysis of electronic health records (EHRs) and other medical documentation, improving the efficiency, accuracy, and transparency of malpractice investigations. By systematically identifying inconsistencies, detecting patterns of errors, and evaluating compliance with clinical guidelines, AI systems offer valuable insights into potential negligence claims.

Technological Advances in Healthcare and Medical Deontology: Towards a Hybrid Clinical Methodology.

The rapid advancements in healthcare technologies are reshaping the medical landscape, prompting a reconsideration of clinical methodologies and their ethical foundations. This article explores the need for an updated approach to medical deontology, emphasizing the transition from traditional practices to a hybrid clinical methodology that integrates both human expertise and technological innovations. With the increasing use of Artificial Intelligence, data analytics, and advanced medical tools, healthcare professionals are presented with new ethical and professional challenges.

Leg Length Discrepancy After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Review of Clinical Assessments, Imaging Diagnostics, and Medico-Legal Implications.

Background/objectives: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a widely performed procedure to alleviate pain and improve function in patients with hip disorders. However, leg length discrepancy (LLD) remains a prevalent complication. LLD can cause gait disturbances, back pain, postural imbalance, and patient dissatisfaction, along with significant medico-legal implications.

The Rise of Fentanyl: Molecular Aspects and Forensic Investigations.

Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid widely used for its potent analgesic effects in chronic pain management and intraoperative anesthesia. However, its high potency, low cost, and accessibility have also made it a significant drug of abuse, contributing to the global opioid epidemic. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of fentanyl's medical applications, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and pharmacogenetics while examining its adverse effects and forensic implications.

Diagnostic Challenges in Uncommon Firearm Injury Cases: A Multidisciplinary Approach.

: Firearm wounds tend to have a precise pattern. Despite this, real-world case presentations can present uncertain elements, sometimes deviating from what is considered standard, and present uncommon features that are difficult for forensic pathologists and ballistic experts to explain. : A retrospective analysis of autopsy reports from the Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Catania, covering 2019-2023, included 348 judicial inspections and 378 autopsies performed as part of the institute's overall activities.

Traumatic Brain Injury as a Public Health Issue: Epidemiology, Prognostic Factors and Useful Data from Forensic Practice.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major public health problem, being a leading cause of disability and mortality among young people in developed countries. Head trauma occurs across all age groups, each experiencing consistently high rates of mortality and disability. This review aims to present an overview of TBI epidemiology and its socioeconomic impact, alongside data valuable for prevention, clinical management, and research efforts.

Burnout and Stress in Forensic Science Jobs: A Systematic Review.

Background/objectives: Burnout and occupational stress are significant issues among forensic professionals, impacting their well-being and job performance. This systematic review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the occupational stress and burnout experienced by forensic personnel, exploring the profound and multifaceted impact on their physical, mental, professional, and interpersonal well-being.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines using Scopus and WOS databases to search for articles published from 1 January 2000 to 31 August 2024.