Histone deacetylase complex 1 facilitates hypocotyl elongation by attenuating acetylation and transcription via a PIF4-dependent process.

Photomorphogenesis is a transitional response occurring when seedlings are exposed to light. Upon red-light exposure, this process depends on the nuclear translocation of phytochrome B (phyB) and its interaction with downstream components. Histone deacetylase complex 1 (HDC1) is a member of the histone deacetylation complex (HDAC) that regulates the sensitivity of Arabidopsis seedlings to environmental cues.

Abscisic acid and GIGANTEA signalling converge to regulate the recruitment of CONSTANS to the FT promoter and activate floral transition.

Plants align flowering with optimal seasonal conditions to increase reproductive success. This process depends on modulating signalling pathways that respond to diverse environmental and hormonal inputs, thereby regulating the transition to flowering at the shoot apical meristem. In Arabidopsis, long-day photoperiods (LDs) stimulate the transcription of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), encoding the main florigenic signal.

Dancing molecules: group A bZIPs and PEBPs at the heart of plant development and stress responses.

Group A basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors play critical roles in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and plant development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, these factors are defined by a highly conserved core bZIP domain, and four conserved domains throughout their length: three at the N-terminus (C1-C3) and a phosphorylatable C-terminal SAP motif located at the C4 domain. Initially, members such as ABI5 and ABFs were studied for their roles in ABA signaling during seed germination or stress responses.

Integrating single nuclei and bulk RNA sequencing in rice shoot apical meristems uncovers candidate early floral transition gene networks.

We describe transcriptional dynamics at the rice shoot apex by integrating time resolved single nuclei RNA-seq with bulk RNA-seq data. In rice, short days trigger floral transition and the transcriptional reprogramming of the shoot apex to become reproductive. We integrated time-resolved bulk RNA-seq with single nuclei RNA-seq analysis to gain a refined understanding of the transcriptional programs induced at the shoot apex during floral transition.

MYC2-SUMO protease feedback loops boost salt tolerance in wheat.

This article is a Commentary on Xiao . (2025), : 2540–2552.

Correction: The bZIP transcription factor AREB3 mediates FT signalling and floral transition at the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.

Histone Deacetylase Complex 1 and histone 1 epigenetically moderate stress responsiveness of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.

Early responses of plants to environmental stress factors prevent damage but can delay growth and development in fluctuating conditions. Optimising these trade-offs requires tunability of plant responsiveness to environmental signals. We have previously reported that Histone Deacetylase Complex 1 (HDC1), which interacts with multiple proteins in histone deacetylation complexes, regulates the stress responsiveness of Arabidopsis seedlings, but the underlying mechanism remained elusive.

The bZIP transcription factor AREB3 mediates FT signalling and floral transition at the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem.

The floral transition occurs at the shoot apical meristem (SAM) in response to favourable external and internal signals. Among these signals, variations in daylength (photoperiod) act as robust seasonal cues to activate flowering. In Arabidopsis, long-day photoperiods stimulate production in the leaf vasculature of a systemic florigenic signal that is translocated to the SAM.

Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress.

We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these questions include the need to better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; how environmental signals interface with endogenous signaling and development (e.g.

GIGANTEA Is a Negative Regulator of Abscisic Acid Transcriptional Responses and Sensitivity in Arabidopsis.

Transcriptional reprogramming plays a key role in drought stress responses, preceding the onset of morphological and physiological acclimation. The best-characterized signal regulating gene expression in response to drought is the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). ABA-regulated gene expression, biosynthesis and signaling are highly organized in a diurnal cycle, so that ABA-regulated physiological traits occur at the appropriate time of day.

The AtMYB60 transcription factor regulates stomatal opening by modulating oxylipin synthesis in guard cells.

Stomata are epidermal pores formed by pairs of specialized guard cells, which regulate gas exchanges between the plant and the atmosphere. Modulation of transcription has emerged as an important level of regulation of stomatal activity. The AtMYB60 transcription factor was previously identified as a positive regulator of stomatal opening, although the details of its function remain unknown.

Increased phenylpropanoids production in UV-B irradiated Salvia verticillata as a consequence of altered genes expression in young leaves.

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation as an environmental potential elicitor induces the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites. The effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthetic pigments and dry weight, biochemical and molecular features of old and young leaves of Salvia verticillata were investigated. Plants were exposed to 10.

Abscisic Acid and Flowering Regulation: Many Targets, Different Places.

Plants can react to drought stress by anticipating flowering, an adaptive strategy for plant survival in dry climates known as drought escape (DE). In Arabidopsis, the study of DE brought to surface the involvement of abscisic acid (ABA) in controlling the floral transition. A central question concerns how and in what spatial context can ABA signals affect the floral network.

Hormonal control of the floral transition: Can one catch them all?

The transition to flowering marks a key adaptive developmental switch in plants which impacts on their survival and fitness. Different signaling pathways control the floral transition, conveying both endogenous and environmental cues. These cues are often relayed and/or modulated by different hormones, which might confer additional developmental flexibility to the floral process in the face of varying conditions.

SUMO proteases OTS1 and 2 control filament elongation through a DELLA-dependent mechanism.

SUMOylation and anther growth. During fertilization, stamen elongation needs to be synchronized with pistil growth. The phytohormone gibberellic acid (GA) promotes stamen growth by stimulating the degradation of growth repressing DELLA proteins.

ABA-dependent control of GIGANTEA signalling enables drought escape via up-regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T in Arabidopsis thaliana.

One strategy deployed by plants to endure water scarcity is to accelerate the transition to flowering adaptively via the drought escape (DE) response. In Arabidopsis thaliana, activation of the DE response requires the photoperiodic response gene GIGANTEA (GI) and the florigen genes FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF). The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is also required for the DE response, by promoting the transcriptional up-regulation of the florigen genes.

A novel role for STOMATAL CARPENTER 1 in stomata patterning.

Background: Guard cells (GCs) are specialised cells within the plant epidermis which form stomatal pores, through which gas exchange can occur. The GCs derive through a specialised lineage of cell divisions which is specified by the transcription factor SPEECHLESS (SPCH), the expression of which can be detected in undifferentiated epidermal cells prior to asymmetric division. Other transcription factors may act before GC specification and be required for correct GC patterning.

Stability of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteases OVERLY TOLERANT TO SALT1 and -2 modulates salicylic acid signalling and SUMO1/2 conjugation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Small ubiquitin-like modifier proteases 1 and 2 (SUMO1/2) have been linked to the regulation of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defence signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana. In order to define the role of the SUMO proteases OVERLY TOLERANT TO SALT1 and -2 (OTS1/2) in defence and to provide insight into SUMO1/2-mediated regulation of SA signalling, we examined the status of SA-mediated defences in ots1/2 mutants. The ots1 ots2 double mutant displayed enhanced resistance to virulent Pseudomonas syringae and higher levels of SA compared with wild-type (WT) plants.

Changing the spatial pattern of TFL1 expression reveals its key role in the shoot meristem in controlling Arabidopsis flowering architecture.

Models for the control of above-ground plant architectures show how meristems can be programmed to be either shoots or flowers. Molecular, genetic, transgenic, and mathematical studies have greatly refined these models, suggesting that the phase of the shoot reflects different genes contributing to its repression of flowering, its vegetativeness ('veg'), before activators promote flower development. Key elements of how the repressor of flowering and shoot meristem gene TFL1 acts have now been tested, by changing its spatiotemporal pattern.

Environmental stress and flowering time: the photoperiodic connection.

Plants maximize their chances to survive adversities by reprogramming their development according to environmental conditions. Adaptive variations in the timing to flowering reflect the need for plants to set seeds under the most favorable conditions. A complex network of genetic pathways allows plants to detect and integrate external (e.

A functional Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) interacting motif (SIM) in the gibberellin hormone receptor GID1 is conserved in cereal crops and disrupting this motif does not abolish hormone dependency of the DELLA-GID1 interaction.

Plants survive adversity by modulating their growth in response to changing environmental signals. The phytohormone Gibberellic acid (GA) plays a central role in regulating these adaptive responses by stimulating the degradation of growth repressing DELLA proteins which accumulate during stress. The current model for GA signaling describes how this hormone binds to its receptor GID1 so promoting association of GID1 with DELLA, which then undergoes ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation.

Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier protein SUMO enables plants to control growth independently of the phytohormone gibberellin.

Plants survive adverse conditions by modulating their growth in response to a changing environment. Gibberellins (GAs) play a key role in these adaptive responses by stimulating the degradation of growth-repressing DELLA proteins. GA binding to its receptor GID1 enables association of GID1 with DELLAs.