Challenges and hopes of gastrointestinal miRNA regulation: The example of stachyose.

There is growing evidence that micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are key players in the regulation of gut health. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Li et al. uncovered that the dietary fiber stachyose can modulate the luminal miRNA load of the intestinal tracts by binding to HSP90β, thereby altering the gut's microbial composition.

Fecal let-7b and miR-21 directly modulate the intestinal microbiota, driving chronic inflammation.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) etiology is multifactorial. Luminal microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suspected to play a role in the promotion of chronic inflammation, but the extent to which fecal miRNAs are interacting with the intestinal ecosystem in a way that contribute to diseases, including IBD, remains unknown. Here, fecal let-7b and miR-21 were found elevated, associated with inflammation, and correlating with multiple bacteria in IBD patients and IL-10 mice, model of spontaneous colitis.

Left Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in a Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Case Report.

Background/aims: High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (hf-rTMS) improves language skills in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We report the use of hf-rTMS in a patient with logopenic primary progressive aphasia (LPPA) due to AD.

Method: hf-rTMS was applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of a LPPA patient.

Alveolar echinococcosis: correlation between hepatic MRI findings and FDG-PET/CT metabolic activity.

Objective: To correlate the appearance of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) hepatic lesions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as defined by Kodama, to the metabolic activity visualized in 18-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT).

Materials And Methods: Forty-two patients diagnosed with AE and who underwent both MRI and PET/CT were included. The forty-two hepatic lesions were divided into five types according to Kodama's classification by three independent readers blinded with regard to the PET/CT information.

In newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, determination of bone marrow involvement with 18F-FDG PET/CT provides better diagnostic performance and prognostic stratification than does biopsy.

Unlabelled: In newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the sensitivity of bone marrow biopsy (BMB) for the detection of bone marrow involvement (BMI) can be low because of sampling error if the BMI is focal and not diffuse. Although (18)F-FDG PET/CT is now recommended for initial staging of DLBCL, its role regarding BMI is not well defined. This study evaluated whether (18)F-FDG PET/CT, in comparison with BMB, is useful for the detection of BMI and predictive of outcome.