Differentiation of Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty From Premature Thelarche Using Principal Component Analysis.

Context: Nonprogressive premature thelarche (PT) is a self-limiting variant of early puberty, while idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) is a disorder that causes progressive development of secondary sexual characteristics and often requires treatment. The diagnostic differentiation between these conditions is important but can be challenging since they often both initially present clinically with isolated breast development.

Objective: To describe relevant clinical variables in a large cohort of girls referred for early puberty, and to evaluate clinical and biochemical parameters to distinguish between girls with ICPP and PT.

AMH and other markers of ovarian function in patients with Turner syndrome - a single center experience of transition from pediatric to gynecological follow up.

Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder that affects about 1 in 2500 female births and is characterized by the partial or complete absence of the second X chromosome. Depending on karyotype, TS is associated with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). Approximately 50% of girls with a mosaic 45, X/46, XX karyotype may enter puberty spontaneously, but only 5-10% of women with TS achieve pregnancy without egg donation.

Reproductive hormones, bone mineral content, body composition, and testosterone therapy in boys and adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome.

Adult patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) are characterized by a highly variable phenotype, including tall stature, obesity, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, as well as an increased risk of developing insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and osteoporosis. Most adults need testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), whereas the use of TRT during puberty has been debated. In this retrospective, observational study, reproductive hormones and whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived body composition and bone mineral content were standardized to age-related standard deviation scores in 62 patients with KS aged 5.

[Androgen insensitivity syndrome discovered due to discordance in prenatal assessments of fetal gender].

In this case report, a pregnant woman chose non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) following a combined first-trimester screening showing a risk of trisomy 21 at 1:200. The NIPT was normal, and the sex of the fetus was predicted to be male. At 20 gestational weeks, an ultrasound examination predicted the fetus to be female.

Effect of Dosage of 17ß-Estradiol on Uterine Growth in Turner Syndrome-A Randomized Controlled Clinical Pilot Trial.

Context: Most Turner syndrome (TS) girls need exogenous estrogen treatment to induce puberty and normal uterine growth. After puberty, the optimal estrogen treatment protocol has not been determined.

Objective: To compare 2 doses of oral 17ß-estradiol on uterine size.

Five-Year Randomized Study Demonstrates Blood Pressure Increases in Young Women With Turner Syndrome Regardless of Estradiol Dose.

We evaluated the development in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate in young women with Turner syndrome (TS) and investigated potential influencing cofactors. Twenty TS women (mean±SD, 22.9±2.

Transition in Pediatric and Adolescent Hypogonadal Girls: Gynecological Aspects, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, and Contraception.

Hypogonadism may be suspected if puberty is delayed. Pubertal delay may be caused by a normal physiological variant, by primary ovarian insufficiency (Turner syndrome), or reflect congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH; genetic) or acquired HH (brain lesions). Any underlying chronic disease like inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, malnutrition (anorexia or orthorexia), or excessive physical activity may also result in functional HH.

Dosage of estradiol, bone and body composition in Turner syndrome: a 5-year randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objective: Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is seen in Turner syndrome (TS) with an increased risk of fractures, and body composition is characterized by increased body fat and decreased lean body mass. To evaluate the effect of two different doses of oral 17B-estradiol in young TS women on bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical markers of bone turnover and body composition with the hypothesis of a positive effect of the higher dose.

Design: A double-blind 5-year randomized controlled clinical trial.

[Pituitary apoplexy in a young woman].

Pituitary apoplexy occurs when a preexisting pituitary adenoma undergoes acute haemorrhage, infarct or both. The patho-genesis is not fully understood but macroadenomas and prolactinomas have been reported as being predisposed to apoplexy. Only a few cases are described in the paediatric population.

Less extensive surgery compared to extensive surgery: survival seems similar in young women with adult ovarian granulosa cell tumor.

Objective: To describe the outcome of adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) with respect to initial clinical findings, methods of surgery, and perioperative treatment.

Study Design: Retrospective follow-up study.

Setting: All hospitals in Jutland.

Clinical care of adult Turner syndrome--new aspects.

Turner syndrome (TS) is characterized by numerous medical challenges during adolescence and adulthood. Puberty has to be induced in most cases, and female sex hormone replacement therapy (HRT) should continue during adult years. These issues are normally dealt with by the paediatrician, but once a TS female enters adulthood it is less clear who should be the primary care giver.

Sex hormone replacement in Turner syndrome.

The cardinal features of Turner syndrome (TS) are short stature, congenital abnormalities, infertility due to gonadal dysgenesis, with sex hormone insufficiency ensuing from premature ovarian failure, which is involved in lack of proper development of secondary sex characteristics and the frequent osteoporosis seen in Turner syndrome. But sex hormone insufficiency is also involved in the increased cardiovascular risk, state of physical fitness, insulin resistance, body composition, and may play a role in the increased incidence of autoimmunity. Severe morbidity and mortality affects females with Turner syndrome.

Normal tempo of bone formation in Turner syndrome despite signs of accelerated bone resorption.

Aims: To evaluate area bone mineral density (aBMD) and volumetric BMD (vBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and relations to bone markers and hormones in adolescent women with Turner syndrome (TS).

Methods: Cross-sectional study in TS patients (n = 37, 16.7 ± 3.

[Precocious pseudopuberty in a seven year-old girl due to estrogen treatment of labial adhesion].

Labial adhesions are well-known in prepubertal girls. We present a seven year-old girl treated with estrogen gel due to labial adhesion resulting in precocious pseudopuberty. Endocrine tests and bone age were normal.

Uterus and ovaries in girls and young women with Turner syndrome evaluated by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To determine uterine and ovarian size in Turner syndrome (TS) and to compare uterine and ovarian size evaluated by transabdominal ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in girls with TS and two groups of controls.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Patients: Forty-one girls with TS (17·0 ± 3·3 years, range 11·2-24·9 years), 50 healthy age-matched controls (16·9 ± 3·2 years, range 12·5-25·0 years) and 107 Tanner-stage-matched controls (15·0 ± 3·2 years, range 10·1-24·2).

Serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone as a marker of ovarian function in 926 healthy females from birth to adulthood and in 172 Turner syndrome patients.

Context: In adult women, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is related to the ovarian follicle pool. Little is known about AMH in girls.

Objective: The objective of the study was to provide a reference range for AMH in girls and adolescents and to evaluate AMH as a marker of ovarian function.

Aortic dimensions in girls and young women with turner syndrome: a magnetic resonance imaging study.

This study aimed to determine the dimensions of the thoracic aorta and the predictors of aortic dimensions in girls and young women with Turner syndrome (TS). A cross-sectional study was performed at a secondary care center. The study compared 41 TS patients with 50 healthy age-matched control subjects.

Long-term hormone replacement therapy preserves bone mineral density in Turner syndrome.

Context: Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fractures are present in many women with Turner syndrome (TS).

Objective: Examine longitudinal changes in BMD in TS and relate changes to biochemical parameters.

Design: Prospective, pragmatic, and observational study.