Historical thinking: Trends, critiques, and future directions.

Historical thinking, which is defined as the cognitive process of analyzing and interpreting historical evidence to construct, deconstruct, and reconstruct historical narratives about the past, is a central concept for teaching, learning, and researching history education around the world. In this article we discuss four popular historical thinking frameworks from England, the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands that have influenced teaching, learning, and researching history education globally. We also identify three general trends in historical thinking research over time: cognition and epistemology, historical literacy, and identity and socio-cultural influences.

Exploring the Lived Experiences of Home-Educating Families with Young Children in the UK: The Untold Stories.

Recent trends indicate a significant increase in the number of families opting for home education in the UK, yet research dedicated to this area remains limited. Moreover, there is a notable scarcity of studies focusing on the lived experiences of home-educating families of young children. Amidst this context, a new conceptual framework was developed combining the portraiture approach and the life course theory to study five families with young children in the UK.

Cobas 4800 HPV detection in the cervical, vaginal and urine samples of women with high-grade CIN before and after treatment.

Aims: To assess the performance of a clinically validated human papillomavirus (HPV) test (the Cobas 4800 HPV test) in urine and self-taken vaginal specimens within a colposcopy population and to assess HPV prevalence before and after treatment across the different biospecimens.

Methods: A total of 100 women attending a colposcopy clinic provided three biospecimens (a clinician-taken liquid-based cytology sample (LBC), a self-taken vaginal sample and a urine sample) for HPV testing. HPV prevalence and concordance was compared across the biospecimens and clinical performance relative to the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2+ and CIN3+ was assessed.

The discovery of novel 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl) propanamides as vasopressin V1A receptor antagonists.

The discovery of a novel series of 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl) propanamide antagonists of the vasopressin V(1A) receptor is disclosed.

Substrate oxidation is altered in women during exercise upon acute altitude exposure.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether substrate oxidation during submaximal exercise in women is affected by an acute exposure to 4300-m altitude and menstrual cycle phase.

Methods: Eight female lowlanders (mean +/- SD; 33 +/- 3 yr, 58 +/- 6 kg, 163 +/- 8 cm) completed a peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and submaximal exercise to exhaustion (EXH) test at 70% of their altitude-specific VO2peak at sea level (SL) and during an acute altitude (AA) exposure to 4300 m in a hypobaric chamber (446 mm Hg) in their early-follicular and midluteal menstrual cycle phase. The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was calculated from oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output measurements made during the EXH tests, and used to estimate the percent contribution of fat and carbohydrate to energy metabolism.