Association between preoperative blood-brain barrier permeability and postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a pilot study.

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a frequent and serious complication in older adults after cardiac surgery. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is implicated in cognitive decline, but its preoperative role in POD remains underexplored. This pilot study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative regional BBB permeability, assessed by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), and POD in older patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).

Gut dysbiosis is associated with increased blood-brain barrier permeability and cognitive impairment in elderlies with coronary heart disease.

Objective: The gut-brain axis is recognized as a critical pathway through which gut microbiota influences neurological health. However, the complex interplay between gut microbiota composition, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and cognitive function in elderly individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) experiencing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains insufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to investigate these relationships in a cohort of 40 elderlies with CHD, comparing those with MCI to those with normal cognition (NC), focusing on microbial diversity, specific taxa alterations, BBB permeability, and their correlations with cognitive performance.

Fibrinogen contributes to myelin deficit and cognitive impairment in aged mice after anesthesia and surgery.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a common complication of anesthesia and surgery, which is more prevalent in elderly patients. Fibrinogen is known to contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. This study investigated whether fibrinogen induces myelin deficit and cognitive impairment in aged mice after anesthesia and surgery.

Postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery associated with perioperative gut microbiota dysbiosis: Evidence from human and antibiotic-treated mouse model.

Background: Research links gut microbiota to postoperative delirium (POD) through the gut-brain axis. However, changes in gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in POD patients during the perioperative period and their association with POD are unclear.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study among patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, focusing on POD as the main outcome.

Rosiglitazone Promotes Oligodendrocyte Development and Myelin Formation of Repeated Neonatal Sevoflurane Exposure via PPARγ Signaling.

Sevoflurane is one of the most commonly used general anesthetics for children and infants. Recent research indicates that repeated exposure to sevoflurane in neonates induces cognitive and fine motor deficits. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists have garnered significant attention as potential therapies for a variety of neurological conditions.

Eligibility for elective surgery in patients recovering from mild COVID-19: A propensity-matched analysis.

Objective: To study the timing of surgery after a recent Omicron variant infection, to provide a reference for policymakers, clinicians, and patients.

Methods: This single-center propensity-matched analysis was designed and reported according to the EQUATOR-STROBE guidelines. Patients recovering from COVID-19 infection were divided into three groups based on the period from disappearance of respiratory symptoms to surgery: ≤7 days, 8-14 days, and >14 days groups.

LXA4 attenuates perioperative neurocognitive disorders by suppressing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.

Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a common complication that increases morbidity and mortality in elderly patients undergoing surgery. Abnormal microglia activation causes neuroinflammation and contributes to the development of PND. Growing evidence shows that lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a lipid mediator, possesses potent anti-inflammatory activities.