Adjunctive dexamethasone and 30-day all-cause death after hospital admission in paediatric pneumococcal meningitis: a propensity score analysis.

Background: Pneumococcal meningitis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and the most deadly pneumococcal disease in children worldwide. There is a paucity of evidence concerning the benefit of dexamethasone to prevent death in paediatric pneumococcal meningitis. We aimed to compare the effect of early adjunctive therapy with dexamethasone versus no dexamethasone on death in children with pneumococcal meningitis.

Did the resurgence of childhood lower respiratory infections offset the initial benefit of COVID-19-related non-pharmaceutical interventions in children? A time-series analysis.

Background: Following non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) lifting in 2021, an important surge in childhood lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) was reported in several countries, raising major concerns about the middle-term consequences of such interventions. Whether this recent upsurge overwhelms the initial benefit of NPI remains unknown.

Methods: We conducted an interrupted time-series analysis based on exhaustive national surveillance systems.

Nirsevimab effectiveness on paediatric emergency visits for RSV bronchiolitis: a test-negative design study.

Unlabelled: Bronchiolitis is one of the leading reasons for paediatric emergency department (PED) visits. France was one of the few countries in the world to implement nirsevimab during winter 2023-2024 in order to reduce the burden of bronchiolitis each year. We conducted a test-negative design study, including all infants younger than 1, diagnosed with a first episode of bronchiolitis.

Surge of Pediatric Respiratory Tract Infections after the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Concept of "Immune Debt".

Objective: To investigate a dose-response relationship between the magnitude of decrease in pediatric respiratory tract infections (RTIs) during the 2020 implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and the increase thereafter during NPI lifting.

Study Design: We conducted an interrupted, time-series analysis based on a multinational surveillance system. All patients <16 years of age coming to medical attention with various symptoms and signs of RTI at 25 pediatric emergency departments from 13 European countries between January 2018 and June 2022 were included.

Unique Changes in the Incidence of Acute Chest Syndrome in Children With Sickle Cell Disease Unravel the Role of Respiratory Pathogens: A Time Series Analysis.

Background: Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a life-threatening complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). Although respiratory pathogens are frequently detected in children with ACS, their respective role in triggering the disease is still unclear. We hypothesized that the incidence of ACS followed the unprecedented population-level changes in respiratory pathogen dynamics after COVID-19-related nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs).

Neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the pediatric population.

COVID-19 in the pediatric population is mostly asymptomatic. However, 1 out of 5 children presents non-specific neurologic symptoms such as headache, weakness, or myalgia. Furthermore, rarer forms of neurological diseases are increasingly being described in association to a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Respective roles of non-pharmaceutical interventions in bronchiolitis outbreaks: an interrupted time-series analysis based on a multinational surveillance system.

Background: Bronchiolitis is a major source of morbimortality among young children worldwide. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented to reduce the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may have had an important impact on bronchiolitis outbreaks, as well as major societal consequences. Discriminating between their respective impacts would help define optimal public health strategies against bronchiolitis.

Ovarian torsion: diagnosis, surgery, and fertility preservation in the pediatric population.

Ovarian torsion is rare in the pediatric population. Delayed diagnosis can significantly impact fertility. The aim of this review is to highlight current knowledge regarding clinical presentation, diagnosis, surgical management, and follow-up in the pediatric population.

Brain to Belly: Abdominal Variants of Migraine and Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders Associated With Migraine.

Migraine is one of the most frequent causes of primary headache and 9% of children suffer from migraines. Most children will continue to experience migraine attacks as adults, therefore it is imperative that we have a thorough understanding of this major health issue. This article considers the so-called abdominal variants of migraine, which are more commonly seen in children rather than adults: abdominal migraine, cyclic vomiting syndrome, and infantile colic.