Associations of adolescent menstrual symptoms with school absences and educational attainment: analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Menstrual symptoms may negatively impact academic achievement, but rigorous population-based studies are lacking. 2,698 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) self-reported heavy or prolonged bleeding and menstrual pain during adolescence and multivariable regression were used to estimate associations with linked data on absences and attainment at age 15/16, adjusting for confounders. Heavy or prolonged bleeding and pain were associated with missing 1.

Intergenerational educational mobility and mental health: Evidence from a Filipino birth cohort.

Evidence suggests that associations between educational attainment and mental health may vary according to educational mobility (i.e., changes in educational attainment across generations).

Effects of alcohol consumption on employment and social outcomes: a Mendelian randomisation study.

Aims: Alcohol consumption is associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, but causality is unclear. We used Mendelian randomisation (MR) to estimate the effect of alcohol consumption on socioeconomic and employment-related outcomes.

Methods: We conducted observational analyses and two-sample MR analyses using 230 775 working-age participants (aged 40+) of White British ethnicity/ancestry (54.

The impact of parental intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) on young adult relationships: a UK general population cohort study.

Background: There is uncertainty about the extent to which parental intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) increases risk of IPVA in the next generation. We aimed to provide estimates for the relationship between IPVA among mothers, and IPVA in their children's own relationships as young adults.

Methods: Using data from 3243 families from a UK birth cohort, we estimated risks of IPVA victimisation and perpetration among women and men aged 18-21 (a validated measure captured at age 21), according to mother's IPVA victimisation status by age 18 (overall and separately for physical and psychological subtypes; a non-validated measure: 2-13 questions asked at ages 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 18).

The association between adverse experiences throughout the life-course and risk of dementia in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Introduction: Studies investigating the association between adverse experiences across the life-course and dementia consider a narrow range of experiences and use sum scores, assuming each experience has the same impact on dementia risk. We considered the timing, type and cumulation of adverse experiences.

Methods: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing measured adverse experiences in a retrospective interview.

Maternal social support and child developmental outcomes: an analysis of the Born in Bradford cohort.

Background: Women lacking social support during pregnancy often have worse mental health, but we know little about the influence of social support on child development, or the impact for migrant women. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal social support during pregnancy and child development using the Born in Bradford birth cohort.

Methods: Social support was evaluated using a composite score of items from the baseline pregnancy questionnaire.

The association between longitudinal patterns of adverse childhood experiences, and self-harm and depression in adolescence and early adulthood: findings from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) elevate the risk of self-harm and depression, which are significant public health concerns. This study examined the association between the longitudinal co-occurrence patterns of ACEs across childhood and adolescence, and self-harm and depression in adolescence and early adulthood. We included 8,859 young people from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

Association of parental adverse childhood experiences and educational level with offspring mortality: findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Background: Despite growing interest in the intergenerational impacts of adversity, evidence on the association between parental adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on offspring mortality remains limited, and the potential mediating role of parental education is underexplored.

Objectives: To investigate associations of parental ACEs with offspring mortality, and to explore whether parental educational level mediates these associations.

Participants And Setting: This cross-sectional study included 6052 fathers (corresponding to 15,493 offspring) and 6679 mothers (corresponding to 17,687 offspring) from the 2014 life history survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Life course trajectories of maternal cardiovascular disease risk factors by obstetric history: a UK cohort study using electronic health records.

Background: Women who experience adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs; gestational hypertension, preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes (GD), preterm birth (PTB), small or large for gestational age, miscarriage, multiple miscarriages, stillbirth, and offspring with major congenital anomalies) have increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to compare cardiometabolic health trajectories across the life course between women with and without APOs.

Methods: We studied 187,186 women with a registered pregnancy in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD linked to Hospital Episode Statistics.

Assessing the impact of paternal emigration on children 'left-behind'-A cohort analysis.

Background: Previous work has shown that children 'left-behind' as a consequence of parental migration experience worse outcomes, although the majority of this evidence focuses on short- rather than long-term effects.

Methods: Using data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey cohort (n = 1651), we assessed the association of paternal emigration (identified based on evidence of remittances sent back by mother's spouse) during childhood with the mental health and educational attainment at age 18 of Filipino children, adjusted for sex, socioeconomic position and paternal education. We explored whether timing of emigration, and household composition modified associations observed.

Adverse childhood experiences in firstborns and mental health risk and health-care use in siblings: a population-based birth cohort study of half a million children in England.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) often affect multiple children within families, yet studies tend to focus on the health outcomes of individual children, underestimating the needs of affected families. We aimed to examine the association between firstborns exposed to ACEs between 1 year before and 2 years after birth (the first 1000 days) and the risks of mental health problems, mental health-related health-care contacts, and all-cause hospital admissions in multiple children from the same mother, compared to firstborns without ACEs.

Methods: We derived a population-based birth cohort in England using linked electronic health records for first-time mothers (aged 14-55 years) with their children (born 2002-18).

Preterm Birth and Cardiometabolic Health Trajectories From Birth to Adulthood: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

Background: Adults who were born prematurely (<37 weeks' gestation) are at increased cardiovascular disease risk, but it is unclear when in the life course this risk emerges. Our aim was to compare trajectories of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors from childhood to early adulthood between those who had and had not been born preterm.

Methods And Results: Multilevel models were used to compare trajectories from early childhood (<9 years) to age 25 years of body mass index, fat and lean mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and insulin, between individuals born preterm (N=311-676; range, 25-36 weeks' gestation) and term (N=4973-10 534) in a UK birth cohort study.

Does maternal education moderate the relationship between adolescent cannabis use and mental health in early adulthood?

Introduction: Socioeconomic disadvantage has been associated with cannabis use and poor mental health. It is therefore hypothesised that lower maternal education, a proxy for socioeconomic disadvantage, may increase the risk of cannabis-related mental health and substance use consequences.

Methods: A total of 5099 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children reported cannabis use via questionnaires at 16 or 18.

The association between poverty and longitudinal patterns of adverse childhood experiences across childhood and adolescence: Findings from a prospective population-based cohort study in the UK.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect up to half the general population, they are known to co-occur, and are particularly common among those experiencing poverty. Yet, there are limited studies examining specific patterns of ACE co-occurrence considering their developmental timing.

Objective: To examine the longitudinal co-occurrence patterns of ACEs across childhood and adolescence, and to examine the role of poverty in predicting these.

Evaluation and comparison of nine growth and development-based measures of pubertal timing.

Background: Pubertal timing is heritable, varies between individuals, and has implications for life-course health. There are many different indicators of pubertal timing, and how they relate to each other is unclear. Our aim was to quantitatively compare nine indicators of pubertal timing.

A novel hypothesis-generating approach for detecting phenotypic associations using epigenetic data.

Hypotheses about what phenotypes to include in causal analyses, that in turn can have clinical and policy implications, can be guided by hypothesis-free approaches leveraging the epigenome, for example. Minimally adjusted epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) using ALSPAC data were performed for example conditions, dysmenorrhea and heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). Differentially methylated CpGs were searched in the EWAS Catalog and associated traits identified.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Excessive Recreational Screen Time Among Adolescents in the United Kingdom: A National Longitudinal Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and excessive recreational screen time.

Methods: Using data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, we examined the associations of prospectively collected individual ACEs, ACE scores, and poverty with excessive recreational screen time (>4 hours) across different media types. We ran further analyses to investigate sex differences in the associations of ACEs with excessive screen time.

Demographic, socioeconomic and life-course risk factors for internalized weight stigma in adulthood: evidence from an English birth cohort study.

Background: Obesity is highly stigmatized, with negative obesity-related stereotypes widespread across society. Internalized weight stigma (IWS) is linked to negative outcomes including poor mental health and disordered eating. Previous evidence examining population groups at higher risk of experiencing IWS comes from small, nonrepresentative samples.

Genetics impact risk of Alzheimer's disease through mechanisms modulating structural brain morphology in late life.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neuropathological changes can occur decades before clinical symptoms. We aimed to investigate whether neurodevelopment and/or neurodegeneration affects the risk of AD, through reducing structural brain reserve and/or increasing brain atrophy, respectively.

Methods: We used bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation to estimate the effects between genetic liability to AD and global and regional cortical thickness, estimated total intracranial volume, volume of subcortical structures and total white matter in 37 680 participants aged 8-81 years across 5 independent cohorts (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development, Generation R, IMAGEN, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children and UK Biobank).

Differences between brachial and aortic blood pressure in adolescence and their implications for diagnosis of hypertension.

Objectives: Blood pressure (BP) is the leading global cause of mortality, and its prevalence is increasing in children and adolescents. Aortic BP is lower than brachial BP in adults. We aimed to assess the extent of this difference and its impact on the diagnosis of hypertension among adolescents.

The relationship between type, timing and duration of exposure to adverse childhood experiences and adolescent self-harm and depression: findings from three UK prospective population-based cohorts.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well-established risk factors for self-harm and depression. However, despite their high comorbidity, there has been little focus on the impact of developmental timing and the duration of exposure to ACEs on co-occurring self-harm and depression.

Methods: Data were utilised from over 22,000 children and adolescents participating in three UK cohorts, followed up longitudinally for 14-18 years: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) and the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study.