Gene Expression Profiling of Staphylococcus aureus during Infection Informs Design of Stemless Leukocidins LukE and -D as Detoxified Vaccine Candidates.

Staphylococcus aureus is a clinically important bacterial pathogen that has become resistant to treatment with most routinely used antibiotics. Alternative strategies, such as vaccination and phage therapy, are therefore actively being investigated to prevent or combat staphylococcal infections. Vaccination requires that vaccine targets are expressed at sufficient quantities during infection so that they can be targeted by the host's immune system.

Comprehensive genomic profiling of Finnish lung adenocarcinoma cohort reveals high clinical actionability and SMARCA4 altered tumors with variable histology and poor prognosis.

Introduction: Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer and typically carries a high number of mutations. However, the genetic background of the tumors varies according to patients' ethnic background and smoking status. Little data is available on the mutational landscape and the frequency of actionable genomic alterations in lung adenocarcinoma in the Finnish population.

High tumor mutation burden predicts favorable outcome among patients with aggressive histological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma: A population-based single-institution study.

Objectives: Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is an emerging predictive cancer biomarker. Few studies have addressed the prognostic role of TMB in non-small cell lung carcinoma, with conflicting results. Moreover, the association of TMB with different histological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma has hitherto not been systematically evaluated.

Structural basis for cooperativity of human monoclonal antibodies to meningococcal factor H-binding protein.

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) cooperativity is a phenomenon triggered when mAbs couples promote increased bactericidal killing compared to individual partners. Cooperativity has been deeply investigated among mAbs elicited by factor H-binding protein (fHbp), a surface-exposed lipoprotein and one of the key antigens included in both serogroup B meningococcus vaccine Bexsero and Trumenba. Here we report the structural and functional characterization of two cooperative mAbs pairs isolated from Bexsero vaccines.

Vaccines for Staphylococcus aureus and Target Populations.

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading pathogen in surgical site, intensive care unit, and skin infections, as well as healthcare-associated pneumonias. These infections are associated with an enormous burden of morbidity, mortality, and increase of hospital length of stay and patient cost. S.

Crystal Structure of the Measles Virus Nucleoprotein Core in Complex with an N-Terminal Region of Phosphoprotein.

Unlabelled: The enveloped negative-stranded RNA virus measles virus (MeV) is an important human pathogen. The nucleoprotein (N(0)) assembles with the viral RNA into helical ribonucleocapsids (NC) which are, in turn, coated by a helical layer of the matrix protein. The viral polymerase complex uses the NC as its template.

Structural and Computational Biology in the Design of Immunogenic Vaccine Antigens.

Vaccination is historically one of the most important medical interventions for the prevention of infectious disease. Previously, vaccines were typically made of rather crude mixtures of inactivated or attenuated causative agents. However, over the last 10-20 years, several important technological and computational advances have enabled major progress in the discovery and design of potently immunogenic recombinant protein vaccine antigens.

Isolation, identification, and characterization of novel arenaviruses, the etiological agents of boid inclusion body disease.

Boid inclusion body disease (BIBD) is a progressive, usually fatal disease of constrictor snakes, characterized by cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IB) in a wide range of cell types. To identify the causative agent of the disease, we established cell cultures from BIBD-positive and -negative boa constrictors. The IB phenotype was maintained in cultured cells of affected animals, and supernatants from these cultures caused the phenotype in cultures originating from BIBD-negative snakes.

Architecture of respiratory syncytial virus revealed by electron cryotomography.

Human respiratory syncytial virus is a human pathogen that causes severe infection of the respiratory tract. Current information about the structure of the virus and its interaction with host cells is limited. We carried out an electron cryotomographic characterization of cell culture-grown human respiratory syncytial virus to determine the architecture of the virion.

The structure of the NTPase that powers DNA packaging into Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus 2.

Biochemical reactions powered by ATP hydrolysis are fundamental for the movement of molecules and cellular structures. One such reaction is the encapsidation of the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome of an icosahedrally symmetric virus into a preformed procapsid with the help of a genome-translocating NTPase. Such NTPases have been characterized in detail from both RNA and tailed DNA viruses.

Matrix proteins as centralized organizers of negative-sense RNA virions.

Matrix proteins are essential components of most negative-sense RNA, enveloped viruses. They serve a wide range of duties ranging from self-driven membrane budding and coordination of other viral components to modulation of viral transcription. The functional similarity between these proteins is striking, despite major differences in their structures.

Virion architecture unifies globally distributed pleolipoviruses infecting halophilic archaea.

Our understanding of the third domain of life, Archaea, has greatly increased since its establishment some 20 years ago. The increasing information on archaea has also brought their viruses into the limelight. Today, about 100 archaeal viruses are known, which is a low number compared to the numbers of characterized bacterial or eukaryotic viruses.

Electron cryotomography of measles virus reveals how matrix protein coats the ribonucleocapsid within intact virions.

Measles virus is a highly infectious, enveloped, pleomorphic virus. We combined electron cryotomography with subvolume averaging and immunosorbent electron microscopy to characterize the 3D ultrastructure of the virion. We show that the matrix protein forms helices coating the helical ribonucleocapsid rather than coating the inner leaflet of the membrane, as previously thought.

Structure of chlorosomes from the green filamentous bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus.

The green filamentous bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus employs chlorosomes as photosynthetic antennae. Chlorosomes contain bacteriochlorophyll aggregates and are attached to the inner side of a plasma membrane via a protein baseplate. The structure of chlorosomes from C.