Patient characteristics' moderation of multinutrients treatment response in school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: This study analyzed data from the Micronutrients for ADHD in Youth (MADDY) 8-week RCT to identify moderators of treatment response to multinutrients, i.e., patient characteristics likely to predict optimal benefit based on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I)- scale.

Genetic depletion of early autophagy protein ATG13 impairs mitochondrial energy metabolism, augments oxidative stress, induces the polarization of macrophages to M1 inflammatory mode, and compromises myelin integrity in skeletal muscle.

M1 macrophage activation is crucial in chronic inflammatory diseases, yet its molecular mechanism is unclear. Our study shows that hemizygous deletion of early autophagy gene (TgATG13) disrupts cellular autophagy, hinders mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) in splenic macrophages, leading to its M1 polarization. Reduced macroautophagy markers WDFY3 and LC3, flow-cytometric analysis of M1/M2 markers (CD40, CD86, CD115, CD163, and CD206), deficit of oxygen metabolism evaluated by ROS-sensor dye DCFDA, and seahorse oxygen consumption studies revealed that atg13 gene ablation impairs mitochondrial function triggering M1 polarization.

Multinutrients Decrease Oxidative Stress in Children With ADHD: Mediation/Moderation Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial Data.

Background: ADHD is associated with oxidative stress (OS), possibly stemming from deficiencies in essential nutrients. Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including Micronutrients for ADHD in Youth (MADDY), demonstrated improved symptoms in response to treatment with multinutrients compared to placebo. It remains unknown whether multinutrient supplementation influences antioxidant status and OS, and if these factors contributed to improvements observed in children with ADHD in the MADDY RCT.

Screening for Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) in Austria: Absence of human cases in a retrospective case-finding study.

Background: Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) is a zoonotic virus with a recently confirmed potential to cause rare but severe cases of encephalitis in humans. While the bicolored white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon), which represents the reservoir, is widely distributed over eastern, central, and southern Europe as well as south-west Asia, human infections have so far only been reported from Germany. As infections in sentinels such as horses indicate the endemic circulation of the virus also in circumscribed regions of neighboring countries (Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland), we initiated a retrospective case-finding study to investigate whether there were so far undetected human infections in Austria.

Placebo Response on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Ratings: Application to Multimodal Treatment Study of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 3-Month Outcomes.

To characterize the size and course of placebo response in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with informant and moderator effects, and illustrate its importance by comparison to Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (MTA) 3-month data. In two randomized clinical trials parents and teachers rated DSM-IV ADHD symptoms (Sx) on pill placebo at baseline (BL), 8, 12, and 16 weeks for 57 children age 5-12 with ADHD (25 inattentive, 32 combined type) and on an intense 12-week nonmedical control condition (NMCC) for 27 children age 6-12. Parent- and teacher-rated placebo effects peaked at 12 and 8 weeks, respectively.