The relationship between muscle quality and physical activity intensity among older adults living in the community: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: To determine the relationship between muscle quality and physical activity intensity among older adults living in the community using objective measures.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older. Gastrocnemius echo intensity was measured as a muscle quality assessment, and accelerometer-measured physical activity and demographic data were collected.

Investigating the effects of reminiscence using smells on loneliness and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The use of a variety of sensory elements is recommended when implementing reminiscence therapy. However, there is a lack of evidence supporting this recommendation. This study aimed to examine the benefits of using smell as a memory trigger during reminiscence therapy for community-dwelling older adults, focusing on its effects on loneliness and depressive symptoms.

Effects of Interventions to Improve Help-Seeking Related to Mental Health Among Workers: A Systematic Review.

Burdens caused by mental disorders are most common in the working age. Although mental health-related disorders are typically preventable or treatable, individuals are often unable to seek help. Moreover, there is a lack of systematic reviews that elucidate the effectiveness of interventions to improve help-seeking related to workers' mental health, despite the greater burden of mental health issues during the working age.

Comparison of the effects of performing hard work well-based and enjoyment-based memories in reminiscence therapy on the quality of reminiscence in older people: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: This study sought to examine whether reminiscence therapy based on memories of hard work is more effective than reminiscence therapy based on memories of enjoyment for promoting positive reminiscence (i.e., quality of reminiscence) associated with the prevention or reduction of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older people.

The Association of Family and Friend Networks with Appetite: Structural Equation Modeling of the Indirect Effects of Depression among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background: Appetite loss in older adults raises the risk of malnutrition and frailty. The recent emphasis on psychological and social support for appetite loss reveals the importance of robust social networks. Depression is linked to a decline in appetite and social networks.

A multimodal non-pharmacological intervention for persons with dementia in nursing homes: a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Background: Persons with dementia in nursing homes often experience cognitive decline (e.g., memory and visuospatial/construction problems), behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), and impaired activities of daily living.

Association between muscle quality and nutritional status among community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.

Decline in muscle quality is associated with poorer health in community-dwelling older adults. Although there is evidence that malnutrition is associated with the decline of muscle quality in older adults, few analyses have considered important factors related to muscle quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between muscle quality and nutritional status in community-dwelling older adults, taking into account muscle mass, muscle strength, and amount of physical activity.

Effect of digital game intervention on cognitive functions in older adults: a multiple baseline single case experimental design study.

Background: Residents in nursing homes are prone to cognitive decline affecting memory, visuospatial cognition, and executive functions. Cognitive decline can lead to dementia, necessitating prioritized intervention.

Methods: The current study aimed to investigate whether an intervention using a digital game was effective for preserving and improving the cognitive function of residents in nursing homes.

Associations Between Cognitive Function and Muscle Quality Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To investigate whether muscle quality is related to cognitive function in older adults living in the community.

Methods: The participants were 40 community-dwelling older adults without a diagnosis of dementia (mean age, 78.85 ± 6.

Relationship between Phase Angle and Physical Activity Intensity among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the association between phase angle (PhA) and physical activity intensity in community-dwelling older Japanese adults. The intensity and time of physical activity for predicting high PhA were also examined. This study involved 67 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 78.

Appetite and family and friends network among community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the stronger correlate of appetite-family or friend networks-in community-dwelling older adults, given that undernutrition can impair physical function, increase mortality, and be influenced by social networks.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kasugai City, Aichi Prefecture, and Nara City, Nara Prefecture, Japan, between August 2019 and March 2023. The analysis included 119 participants (women: 79%, mean age: 76.

Relationships between Loneliness and Occupational Dysfunction in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The study explored cross-sectional associations between loneliness and occupational dysfunction in community-dwelling older adults. Seventy-four older adults (12 men and 62 women; mean age 73.9 ± 8.

Factors Associated with Improvement in Activities of Daily Living during Hospitalization: A Retrospective Study of Older Patients with Hip Fractures.

Background: In this study, we aimed to examine the changes in delirium during hospitalization of patients and its association with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), as well as improvements in activities of daily living (ADL).

Methods: A longitudinal, retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 83 older adults (≥65 years) with hip fractures. We collected Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Functional Independence Measure-motor domain (m-FIM) assessment results from the medical charts at two time points: baseline (first week of hospitalization) and pre-discharge (final week before discharge).

Relationship between Empowerment and Functioning and Disability in Older Japanese Patients: A Covariance Structure Analysis.

In the present study, 151 Japanese older adults aged over 65 years and admitted to recovery-phase rehabilitation facilities were enrolled to investigate the relationship between empowerment and contextual factors, functioning and disability, with structural equation modeling (SEM). The analysis included 151 patients aged 81.75 ± 7.

Effect of a multimodal non-pharmacological intervention on older people with dementia: a single-case experimental design study.

Background: Older people with dementia (PWD) in nursing homes (NHs) tend to have decreased cognitive function, which may cause behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) and hinder activities of daily living (ADLs). Therefore, taking measures against the cognitive decline of PWD in NH and, in turn, the decline of BPSDs and ADLs is crucial. The purpose of this study was to test whether a multimodal non-pharmacological intervention (MNPI) is effective in maintaining and improving global cognitive function, BPSDs, and ADLs in PWD in NHs.

Reliability and Validation of the Japanese Version of the Patient Empowerment Scale.

Empowerment scales for inpatients have been developed worldwide, but their validity and reliability have not been adequately tested and applied to the health promotion and care among older adults during hospitalization. In this study, the Patient Empowerment Scale developed by Faulkner was translated into Japanese, and Japanese patients were surveyed to test its clinical applicability. To test its applicability, 151 patients in rehabilitation wards were surveyed in four municipalities.

Association Between Toileting Independence and Higher Brain Functions in Post-Stroke Inpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: We aimed to cross-sectionally examine and clarify the types of higher brain functions associated with toileting independence in post-stroke inpatients.

Materials And Methods: From November 2017 to October 2020, 51 participants were selected from a database of post-stroke inpatients in a Japanese hospital; the selected participants had missing data. The objective variable was the independence of toileting and toilet transfer in the Functional Independence Measure; independence was set at 6 points or more.

A conceptual analysis of older adults' empowerment in contemporary japanese culture.

Background: Empowerment among older adults is a key concept for improving their health. In contrast, empowerment evolves according to cultural and historical contexts and needs to be consistently tested and constructed. The purpose of this study was to clarify the components of older adults' empowerment in contemporary Japan and to reconstruct the definition of empowerment.

Bayesian analysis of the association between effective strategies of multimodal nonpharmacological intervention and characteristics of cognitive function in nursing home residents with cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional study.

The cognitive function of nursing home (NH) residents with cognitive impairment (CI) tends to decline over time. An effective multimodal non-pharmacological intervention (MNPI) strategy is needed to improve the cognitive function of NH residents with CI.The aim of this study was to clarify the cognitive function characteristics of NH residents with CI in whom a non-pharmacological intervention (NPI) can be implemented, consisting of MNPI using a Bayesian analysis, and to incorporate suggestions to make the MNPI strategy as effective as possible.

A Systematic Review of Multimodal Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Cognitive Function in Older People with Dementia in Nursing Homes.

Introduction: Multimodal non-pharmacological interventions (MNPIs) have been reported to be effective in improving the cognitive function. Therefore, it is necessary to study these interventions in older people with dementia (PWD) in nursing homes (NHs).

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effects, contents, frequency, duration, length, and form of MNPIs on the global and specific cognitive functions of PWD in NHs through a systematic review, and to consider what kind of intervention design is most effective.