Determining factors for dexmedetomidine sedation in endoscopic submucosal dissection for early-stage gastric cancer.

Background And Aim: Although no specific sedation recommendations exist in early-stage gastric cancer (ESGC) for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), dexmedetomidine (DEX) is useful along with benzodiazepines and analgesics. Furthermore, DEX is used for endoscopic treatment requiring lengthy sedation. However, it is unclear which patients should be administered DEX.

Factors that affect the development of acute hemorrhagic rectal ulcer syndrome and rebleeding.

Objectives: Acute hemorrhagic rectal ulcer syndrome (AHRUS) causes massive bleeding and often recurrent rebleeding from rectal ulcers that form immediately above the dentate line. This study aimed to determine the clinical background and risk factors contributing to rebleeding in patients with AHRUS and the most appropriate method of hemostasis treatment.

Methods: This retrospective study included 93 patients diagnosed with AHRUS at Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Japan, between April 2009 and November 2018.

Multiple myeloma with esophageal involvement: A rare case.

A 77-year-old man presented with a spinal cord tumor at the cervical 7/thoracic 1 level and pain and weakness in the right hand. Blood tests revealed anemia, renal dysfunction, and hyperproteinemia. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed the M-protein component of immunoglobulin G gamma globulin.

Clinical features and mechanism of liver injury in patients with mild or moderate coronavirus disease 2019.

Background And Aim: We aimed to identify clinical features that suggest that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) should be a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with a chief complaint of fever and abnormal liver function.

Methods: We retrospectively studied the presence or absence of abnormal liver function in 216 patients diagnosed with mild-moderate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection between February and September 2020.

Results: Abnormal liver function was observed in 51 patients with mild-moderate COVID-19.

A Case of Liver Metastasis from Small Intestinal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor 25 Years after Surgery including Autopsy Findings.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the digestive tract. Recurrences may occur even after radical resection; however, recurrence later than 10 years after surgery is rare. We report a case of GIST with recurrence of liver metastasis 25 years after surgery.

Peroral endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic: Efficacy of the acrylic box (Endo-Splash Protective (ESP) box) for preventing droplet transmission.

Background And Aim: Appropriate personal protective equipment should be worn in all clinical settings during the COVID-19 pandemic because anyone could be carrying SARS-CoV-2. Peroral endoscopy is the procedure potentially generating large volumes of aerosols through stimulation of patient coughing. The present study investigated the efficacy of a specially designed acrylic box (Endo-Splash Protective [ESP] box) for preventing droplet transmission as part of droplet precautions for endoscopists and assistants during routine endoscopy for potential asymptomatic carriers or emergent endoscopy for confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients.

Life-threatening emphysematous liver abscess associated with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus: a case report.

Background: Emphysematous liver abscesses are defined as liver abscesses accompanied by gas formation. The fatality rate is extremely high at 27%, necessitating prompt intensive care.

Case Presentation: The patient was a 69-year-old Japanese man with type 2 diabetes.

New endoscopic classification of the cardiac orifice in esophageal achalasia: Champagne glass sign.

Background And Aim: Endoscopy, barium esophagram and manometry are used in the diagnosis of achalasia. In the case of early achalasia, characteristic endoscopic findings are difficult to recognize. As a result, the diagnosis of achalasia is often made several years after symptom onset.

Successful conservative treatment of emphysematous gastritis.

Emphysematous gastritis is an extremely rare disease with an unfavorable prognosis. To date, very few studies have been conducted regarding the intragastric recovery process based on endoscopic findings. We herein report a case of emphysematous gastritis that improved with long-term (five months) conservative treatment in which we were able to observe the intragastric recovery process endoscopically.