Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Exon 20 Insertion in Early Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study in Taiwan.

Background: exon 20 insertions account for 1% to 10% of mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are known to confer resistance to traditional tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, the prognostic significance of these mutations in early-stage resected NSCLC remains unclear. This study assesses outcomes in patients with resected NSCLC harboring exon 20 insertions, comparing them to patients with common mutations and those with wild-type .

Leveraging Large Language Models for Cancer Variant Classification: A Comparative Study of GPT-4o, LLaMA 3, and Qwen 2.5.

Interpreting genomic variants from cancer sequencing data is a critical yet complex task in precision oncology. With advances in large language models (LLMs), there is increasing interest in leveraging their capacity for variant classification. This study benchmarks three state-of-the-art LLMs - GPT-4o, LLaMA 3, and Qwen 2.

AI-Assisted Detection Support for Middle Ear Diseases Using Multimodal Large Language Models.

Middle ear diseases, such as otitis media and middle ear effusion, are difficult to accurately detect in primary care. We developed an AI-powered system using Azure OpenAI's GPT-4 Vision, the first multimodal large language model (LLM) applied to analyze otoscopic images and detect ten middle ear conditions. Built with a Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture, the system processes images in under 5 seconds and provides bilingual (English and Chinese) detection reports with confidence scores and treatment recommendations.

Safety and factors affecting diagnostic yield in modified virtual bronchoscopy-guided transparenchymal nodule access for pulmonary lesions.

Background: With the advent of low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening, minimally invasive evaluation of pulmonary lesions has become increasingly important. This study aimed to assess factors influencing the diagnostic yield of novel bronchoscopic transparenchymal nodule access (BTPNA) method for diagnosing pulmonary lesions in a real-world clinical setting.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated patients who underwent BTPNA with or without real-time image guidance for pulmonary lesion assessment.

Benchmarking large language models GPT-4o, llama 3.1, and qwen 2.5 for cancer genetic variant classification.

Classifying cancer genetic variants based on clinical actionability is crucial yet challenging in precision oncology. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential solutions, but their performance remains underexplored. This study evaluates GPT-4o, Llama 3.

Success of intravenous immunoglobulin and steroids in managing severe COVID-19 following lung transplantation: A case report.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia with severe septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are critical illnesses for patients following transplant. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) plays a role in both immune support and inflammation control, especially in immunocompromised patients. This case report describes the first successful experience using IVIG and pulse steroids to manage this critical condition following lung transplantation.

The application of electrical impedance tomography and surgical outcomes of thoracoscope-assisted surgical stabilization of rib fractures in severe chest trauma.

Serious blunt chest trauma usually induces hemothorax, pneumothorax, and rib fractures. More studies have claimed that early video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) results in a good prognosis in patients with major trauma. This study aimed to verify the outcomes in patients with chest trauma whether SSRF was performed.

Treatment of benign rectal stricture caused by repeated anal insertion by endoscopy and balloon dilation: A case report.

Background: Benign rectal strictures can be categorized as primary (disease-related) and secondary (surgical anastomosis-related). Secondary strictures arise from surgical complications, whereas primary strictures have diverse etiologies, including various inflammatory conditions. Benign strictures are usually managed by surgery and endoscopy.

Therapeutic impact of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with various treatment combinations for advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the primary therapeutic option for patients with advanced-stage epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant (EGFR-m) lung adenocarcinoma. However, the role of EGFR-TKIs in advanced-stage lung cancer is uncertain regardless of therapeutic methods. This study investigated the outcome of the impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-TKI in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with various therapeutic strategies.

Benefits of laparoscopy-assisted ileostomy in colorectal cancer patients with bowel obstruction.

Background: Ileostomies are commonly performed after colon and rectal surgeries. Laparoscopy-assisted ileostomy with adhesion lysis may have potential benefits over conventional open surgery.

Aim: To compare the outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted and conventional ileostomies.

Diagnostic Performance of Electromagnetic Navigation versus Virtual Navigation Bronchoscopy-Guided Biopsy for Pulmonary Lesions in a Single Institution: Potential Role of Artificial Intelligence for Navigation Planning.

Navigation bronchoscopy is an emerging technique used to evaluate pulmonary lesions. Using Veran's SPiN electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) and Archimedes virtual bronchoscopy navigation (VBN), this study aimed to compare the accuracy and safety of these procedures for lung lesions and to identify potentially relevant knowledge for the application of artificial intelligence in interventional pulmonology in a single institute. This single-center, retrospective study compared the ENB and VBN results in patients with pulmonary lesions unsuitable for biopsy via percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy methods.

Assessment of the Operative Feasibility and Ventilation Distribution during Nonintubation Thoracoscopic Surgery Using Electrical Impedance Tomography.

Background: To investigate the feasibility, ventilation distribution, and physiological effect of iatrogenic pneumothorax generated during nonintubated thoracoscopic surgery using electrical impedance tomography. Methods: Patients who underwent resections for pulmonary nodules between April 2016 and April 2019 were enrolled prospectively. Electrical impedance tomography was performed, and the measurements were recorded at five different timepoints.

Prognostic factors associated with FDG-PET/CT in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after trimodality treatment.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the pathological complete response (pCR), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG).

Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with locally advanced ESCC receiving nCRT and then esophagectomy between January 2011 and December 2018 in the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study.

Rare solitary splenic metastasis from a thymic carcinoma detected on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography: A case report.

Background: Thymic carcinoma is a rare, aggressive tumor arising from the thymus. In less than 7% of patients with thymic carcinoma, extrathoracic metastases occur in the extrathoracic lymph nodes, liver, and bone. Isolated splenic metastasis can occur but is very uncommon.

Combined Ileoileal and Ileocolic Intussusception Secondary to Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp in an Adult: A Case Report.

Intestinal intussusception is relatively rare in adults and accounts for approximately 5% of intestinal obstruction. Intussusception is classified into subtypes according to the location, including ileoileal, ileocolic, ileo-ileocolic, colo-colic, jejuno-ileal, or jejuno-jejunal; the ileocolic type being the most common. However, intussusception of a combination of different subtypes has rarely been reported in the available literature.

Benefit of Three-dimensional Image Simulation in Surgical Resection of Early-stage Lung Cancer.

Background: The present study investigated the oncologic outcomes of clinical stage IA2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated using preoperative simulation and surgical resection.

Methods: Data of patients who underwent surgical resection for clinical stage IA2 NSCLC between January 2002 and June 2018 were reviewed. Preoperative simulations were indicated for patients with centrally located tumors who could undergo anatomic resection.

Preservation of superior rectal artery in laparoscopically assisted subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis for slow transit constipation.

Background: Slow transit constipation (STC) has traditionally been considered as a functional disorder. However, evidence is accumulating that suggests that most of the motility alterations in STC might be of a neuropathic etiology. If the patient does not meet the diagnosis of pelvic outlet obstruction and poorly response to conservative treatment, surgical intervention with subtotal colectomy may be effective.

Severity of Pectus Excavatum is a Risk Factor for Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax.

Background And Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between bleb formation, primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) and pectus excavatum (PE).

Methods: From July 2005 to December 2016, the records of 514 patients with PE who underwent the Nuss procedure were obtained from a prospectively collected database and reviewed. Clinical features, images and treatments were analyzed retrospectively.

Three-dimensional image simulation of primary diaphragmatic hemangioma: A case report.

Background: Fewer than 200 cases of diaphragmatic tumors have been reported in the past century. Diaphragmatic hemangiomas are extremely rare. Only nine cases have been reported in English literature to date.