Precise lineage tracking using molecular barcodes demonstrates fitness trade-offs for ivermectin resistance in nematodes.

A fundamental tenet of evolutionary genetics is that the direction and strength of selection on individual loci vary with the environment. Barcoded evolutionary lineage tracking is a powerful approach for high-throughput measurement of selection within experimental evolution that to date has largely been restricted to studies within microbial systems, largely because the random integration of barcodes within animals is limited by physical and molecular protection of the germline. Here, we use the recently developed TARDIS barcoding system in Caenorhabditis elegans to implement the first randomly inserted genomic-barcode fitness experiment within an animal model and use this system to precisely measure the influence of the concentration of the anthelmintic compound ivermectin on the strength of selection on an ivermectin resistance cassette.

Spatial proteomics and transcriptomics characterization of tissue and multiple cancer types including decalcified marrow.

BackgroundRecent technologies enabling the study of spatial biology include multiple high-dimensional spatial imaging methods that have rapidly emerged with different capabilities evaluating tissues at different resolutions for different sample formats. Platforms like Xenium (10x Genomics) and PhenoCycler-Fusion (Akoya Biosciences) enable single-cell resolution analysis of gene and protein expression in archival FFPE tissue slides. However, a key limitation is the absence of systematic methods to ensure tissue quality, marker integrity, and data reproducibility.

Peri-Implant Enhancement of the Breast: Imaging Features, Significance, and Management Strategies.

Objective: Peri-implant enhancement can be seen on contrast-enhanced breast MRI, but its association with malignancy has not been described, leading to considerable variability in assessment and recommendations by radiologists. This study evaluated imaging features, management, and outcomes of implant-related enhancement.

Methods: This multisite IRB-approved retrospective review queried all breast MRI reports for keywords describing peri-implant enhancement, fluid, and/or masses (plus synonymous descriptions) and implant-associated malignancies, with subsequent imaging and chart review.

Precise Lineage Tracking Using Molecular Barcodes Demonstrates Fitness Trade-offs for Ivermectin Resistance in Nematodes.

A fundamental tenet of evolutionary genetics is that the direction and strength of selection on individual loci varies with the environment. Barcoded evolutionary lineage tracking is a powerful approach for high-throughput measurement of selection within experimental evolution that to date has largely been restricted to studies within microbial systems, largely because the random integration of barcodes within animals is limited by physical and molecular protection of the germline. Here, we use the recently developed TARDIS barcoding system in (Stevenson et al.

The egg-counter: a novel microfluidic platform for characterization of egg-laying.

Reproduction is a fundamental process that shapes the demography of every living organism yet is often difficult to assess with high precision in animals that produce large numbers of offspring. Here, we present a novel microfluidic research platform for studying egg-laying. The platform provides higher throughput than traditional solid-media behavioral assays while providing a very high degree of temporal resolution.

Rare Presentation of Papillary Carcinoma Within a Sentinel Lymph Node in a Patient With Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast: A Challenging but Useful Case Report Discussion Regarding Displacement or True Metastasis?

Papillary carcinoma of the breast is a rare histologic subtype of invasive breast cancer. In contrast, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a noninvasive, nonobligate precursor to invasive mammary carcinoma, confined within the terminal duct lobular unit of the breast and surrounded by an intact myoepithelial cell layer at the stromal/epithelial interface. We present an unusual case in which a patient with only DCIS of the breast exhibited papillary carcinoma within a sentinel lymph node, leading to questions about the origin of the lymph node lesion-whether it represents a true metastasis or iatrogenic displacement during diagnostic procedures.

Expansion of the split hygromycin toolkit for transgene insertion in .

Engineered sites for genetic transformation have simplified transgene insertion in . These strategies include our split hygromycin system ​(Stevenson et al. 2020)​ which allows for integration-specific selection of transgenes.

The Egg-Counter: A novel microfluidic platform for characterization of egg-laying.

Reproduction is a fundamental process that shapes the demography of every living organism yet is often difficult to assess with high precision in animals that produce large numbers of offspring. Here, we present a novel microfluidic research platform for studying egg-laying. The platform provides higher throughput than traditional solid-media assays while providing a very high degree of temporal resolution.

Breast cancer in a transgender woman undergoing gender-affirming exogenous hormone therapy.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy may be utilized by transgender women hoping to induce feminizing changes and suppress the effects of endogenous testosterone. It is well established that exogenous hormone use increases risk of breast cancer in cisgender women; however, a link in the transgender population is less clear. Our case presents a transgender woman undergoing gender-affirming exogenous hormone therapy who subsequently developed breast cancer.

The Dense Breast Clinic: Initial Experience of a Patient-Centered Breast Imaging Clinic.

Objective: Establish a radiologist-run consultation clinic to review breast density and supplemental screening exams (SSEs) directly with patients in response to breast density reporting laws.

Methods: Breast radiologists opened and staffed a clinic for formal patient consultations regarding breast density and SSEs. An IRB-approved questionnaire assessed patient knowledge of breast density, SSEs, and encounter satisfaction.

Abbreviated Molecular Breast Imaging: Feasibility and Future Considerations.

Objective: Molecular breast imaging (MBI) is a supplemental screening modality consistently demonstrating incremental cancer detection over mammography alone; however, its lengthy duration may limit widespread utilization. The study purpose was to assess feasibility of an abbreviated MBI protocol, providing readers with mediolateral oblique (MLO) projections only and assessing performance in lesion detection and localization.

Methods: Retrospective IRB-exempt blinded reader study administered to 5 fellowship-trained breast imaging radiologists.

Downstream imaging following abnormal molecular breast imaging, lessons learned and suggestions for success.

Objectives: Molecular breast imaging (MBI) is a supplemental screening modality that assists in detection of breast cancer. Objectives were to investigate how abnormal MBI findings were further evaluated on subsequent imaging studies and assess outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective single-institution review included patients who underwent supplemental screening MBI between October 2018 and October 2021, utilizing 300 MBq (8 mCi) Tc-sestamibi as radiotracer.

Limiting Screening Mammography Recalls for Vaccine-Induced Adenopathy, a Single Institution Experience.

Rationale And Objectives: Reported incidence of vaccine-induced adenopathy varies widely, with higher estimates in early reports and small series. Objective was to evaluate a large sample of vaccinated patients undergoing screening mammography, to determine callback rates associated with vaccine-induced adenopathy and their outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Single-institution retrospective review of patients who received at least 1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine prior to presentation for screening mammography from January 15 through May 31, 2021.

Developing the "Upstreamist" through Antiracism Teaching in Pharmacy Education.

To present antiracism teaching as a key modality and an approach to addressing health disparities in pharmacy education. Relevant theoretical frameworks and pedagogical strategies used in other health disciplines will be reviewed to present how antiracism curricula can be integrated into pharmacy educational outcomes. Various disciplines have incorporated antiracism pedagogy in their respective programs and accreditation standards.

Incidence of Axillary Adenopathy in Breast Imaging After COVID-19 Vaccination.

This case series examines the incidence, timing, and characteristics of mammographic axillary adenopathy following COVID-19 vaccination.

HDAC6 promotes growth, migration/invasion, and self-renewal of rhabdomyosarcoma.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a devastating pediatric sarcoma. The survival outcomes remain poor for patients with relapsed or metastatic disease. Effective targeted therapy is lacking due to our limited knowledge of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to disease progression.

Genes Regulated by HPV 16 E6 and High Expression of NFX1-123 in Cervical Cancers.

Purpose: High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR HPV) cause cervical cancer, and in these cancers, HPV type 16 is the most common HR type. The HR viral oncogenes E6 and E7 partner with cellular proteins to drive cancer and modulate immune pathways; previously, we demonstrated in keratinocytes that HPV 16 E6 and high expression of the endogenous host protein partner NFX1-123 led to the increased expression of multiple genes, including Notch1, secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI), and retinoic acid early transcript 1G (RAET1G). The present study was conducted to determine if NFX1-123 was highly expressed in cervical cancer and if genes increased by NFX1-123 and 16E6 in keratinocytes were also increased in cervical cancers.

Patient-Awareness Survey: Do Breast Implants Affect the Acquisition and Accuracy of Screening Mammography?

Objective: Breast implant augmentation is the most common cosmetic surgical procedure performed in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with breast augmentation surgery are aware of the effect of breast implants on the mammographic detection of cancer.

Methods: An institutional review board exempt patient awareness survey was distributed at a single breast imaging facility to women undergoing screening mammography.

The Stress-Chip: A microfluidic platform for stress analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans.

An organism's ability to mount a physiological response to external stressors is fundamental to its interaction with the environment. Experimental exploration of these interactions benefits greatly from the ability to maintain tight control of the environment, even under conditions in which it would be normal for the subject to flee the stressor. Here we present a nematode research platform that pairs automated image acquisition and analysis with a custom microfluidic device.

Understanding malignant transformation of endometriosis: imaging features with pathologic correlation.

Purpose: Transformation of benign endometriosis to endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinoma (EAOC) is rare; however, women with endometriosis are four times more likely to develop EAOC which can present 20 years earlier than de novo ovarian cancer. Presenting symptoms are often vague and the radiologist's role in recognizing EAOC is critical for early detection and treatment. Histopathologic evaluation remains the mainstay for definitive diagnosis.

HPV type 16 E6 and NFX1-123 augment JNK signaling to mediate keratinocyte differentiation and L1 expression.

The HPV life cycle is differentiation-dependent, with cellular differentiation driving initiation of the late, productive stage of the viral life cycle. Here, we identify a role for the protein NFX1-123 in regulating keratinocyte differentiation and events of the late HPV life cycle. NFX1-123 itself increased with differentiation of epithelial cells.

NFX1-123 is highly expressed in cervical cancer and increases growth and telomerase activity in HPV 16E6 expressing cells.

A significant contributor to women's cancer mortality worldwide is cervical cancer, which is caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV). The two viral oncoproteins of HR HPV, E6 and E7, partner with host cell proteins to target oncogenic proteins and pathways. Previously, we have shown HR HPV type 16 E6 (16E6) interacts with the host protein NFX1-123 to target telomerase and cellular immortalization, requiring NFX1-123 to fully upregulate telomerase activity.

Anthelmintic drug actions in resistant and susceptible C. elegans revealed by electrophysiological recordings in a multichannel microfluidic device.

Many anthelmintic drugs used to treat parasitic nematode infections target proteins that regulate electrical activity of neurons and muscles: ion channels (ICs) and neurotransmitter receptors (NTRs). Perturbation of IC/NTR function disrupts worm behavior and can lead to paralysis, starvation, immune attack and expulsion. Limitations of current anthelmintics include a limited spectrum of activity across species and the threat of drug resistance, highlighting the need for new drugs for human and veterinary medicine.