Heavy metals, noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio, and microbiome-associated hormone precursor metabolites: biomarkers for social behaviour, ADHD symptoms, and executive function in children.

The gut microbiome significantly influences physical and mental health, including the synthesis and metabolism of hormones and the detoxification of heavy metals, which are linked to behavioural disorders. This study investigated the associations of these biological factors with the behaviour of primary school children, specifically examining the effects of heavy metals, catecholamines, and microbiome-associated metabolites of dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and thyroxine precursors. Urine samples from 87 unselected primary school children were analysed to assess heavy metal load (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury), noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio, and microbiome-associated metabolites of phenylalanine, tyrosine and L-dopa (3-phenylpropionic acid, p-OH-phenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid).

From developmental theory to effective training: long-term and transfer effects of promoting the quantity-to-number word linkage in first-graders at risk for mathematical difficulties.

Introduction: The model of quantity-to-number word linkage () identifies relevant milestones in the process of early numerical acquisition and describes a developmental sequence that can guide the fostering of foundational mathematical abilities in at-risk children. While there is substantial evidence for the predictive value of the quantity-number competencies (QNC) described by the model, evidence supporting the preventive potential of interventions targeting these QNC is so far largely restricted to short-term effects. Findings regarding their long-term preventive impact, especially in terms of transfer to mathematical school achievement, are still limited.

Practical considerations in prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Purpose: There are increasing reports in the literature of high rates of coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism (VTE) among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding of these abnormalities is continually evolving, but these conditions may pose a risk to patients with COVID-19 beyond the risk typically seen in critically ill patients.

Summary: There are currently no widely accepted evidence-based guidelines regarding specifics related to treatment and prevention of COVID-19-related coagulopathies.

Specific Preschool Executive Functions Predict Unique Aspects of Mathematics Development: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study.

This study assessed the extent to which executive functions (EF), according to their factor structure in 5-year-olds (N = 244), influenced early quantity-number competencies, arithmetic fluency, and mathematics school achievement throughout first and second grades. A confirmatory factor analysis resulted in updating as a first, and inhibition and shifting as a combined second factor. In the structural equation model, updating significantly affected knowledge of the number word sequence, suggesting a facilitatory effect on basic encoding processes in numerical materials that can be learnt purely by rote.

Evidence of a clinically significant interaction between warfarin and intravesical gemcitabine.

Purpose: A case of supratherapeutic International Normalized Ratio (INR) values and hematomas subsequent to concomitant administration of warfarin and intravesical gemcitabine is reported.

Summary: A 90-year-old man with bladder cancer refractory to bacillius Calmette-Guérin was diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and started on warfarin one month before starting treatment with intravesical gemcitabine 2 g (one dose per week for six weeks). Before intravesical gemcitabine was started, the patient reached consecutive therapeutic INR values.

Achievement of therapeutic anti-Xa levels in a proven heparin-resistant patient through the use of nontraditional high-dose enoxaparin.

Objective: To describe the successful use of high-dose enoxaparin therapy (1.5 mg/kg subcutaneously twice daily) to attain a therapeutic anti-factor Xa (anti-Xa) level in a cancer patient with heparin resistance.

Case Summary: A proven heparin-resistant patient with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and lung cancer who required approximately 66 000 units of unfractionated heparin daily was successfully transitioned to an off-label high-dose enoxaparin (OLHDE) 1.

The relationships between quantity-number competencies, working memory, and phonological awareness in 5- and 6-year-olds.

In this study, the interdependencies among phonological awareness, verbal working memory components, and early numerical skills in children 1 year before school entry are addressed. Early numerical skills were conceptualized as quantity-number competencies (QNC) at both basic (QNC Level 1) and advanced (QNC Level 2) levels. In a sample of 1,343 children aged 5 and 6, structural equation modelling provided support for the isolated number words hypothesis (Krajewski & Schneider, 2009, J.

Treatment of refractory trigeminal neuralgia with intravenous phenytoin.

Purpose: The case of a patient who was successfully treated with i.v. phenytoin for an acute exacerbation of refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is reported.

Exploring the impact of phonological awareness, visual-spatial working memory, and preschool quantity-number competencies on mathematics achievement in elementary school: findings from a 3-year longitudinal study.

This longitudinal study explored the importance of kindergarten measures of phonological awareness, working memory, and quantity-number competencies (QNC) for predicting mathematical school achievement in third graders (mean age 8 years 8 months). It was found that the impact of phonological awareness and visual-spatial working memory, assessed at 5 years of age, was mediated by early QNC, which predicted math achievement in third grade. Importantly, and confirming our isolated number words hypothesis, phonological awareness had no impact on higher numerical competencies (i.

The development of young children's memory strategies: First findings from the Würzburg Longitudinal Memory Study.

This article reports the first findings of the Würzburg Longitudinal Memory Study, which focuses on children's verbal memory development, particularly the acquisition of memory strategies. At the beginning of the study, 100 kindergarten children (mean age 6 1/2 years) were tested on various memory measures, including sort-recall, text recall, short-term memory capacity, and metamemory. Assessments were repeated twice, with adjacent measurement points separated by 6-month time intervals.