Experiences and insights from parents of children with temporary feeding tubes.

This study aimed to describe parents' experiences of children with temporary feeding tubes by surveying parents whose children required tubes. This survey included three sections including; (A) Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21); (B) Paediatric Assessment Scale for Severe Feeding Problems (PASSFP); and (C) open-ended questions on satisfaction and experiences. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inductive content analysis.

Brain lesion extent, growth, and body composition in children with cerebral palsy.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between growth, body composition, and the extent of brain lesion measured using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: This prospective population-based cohort study recorded 359 assessments from 124 children with CP aged 18 months to 13 years (38% female, Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I = 50, II = 24, III = 17, IV = 12, and V = 21). A neurologist assessed the extent of the brain lesion using a validated semi-quantitative scale (global, basal ganglia/brainstem, hemispheric and corpus callosum scores).

Efficacy of Early Intervention for Infants With Cerebral Palsy in an LMIC: An RCT.

Objective: To test efficacy of a parent-delivered multidomain early intervention (Learning through Everyday Activities with Parents [LEAP-CP]) for infants with cerebral palsy (CP) compared with equal-dose of health advice (HA), on (1) infant development; and (2) caregiver mental health. It was hypothesized that infants receiving LEAP-CP would have better motor function, and caregivers better mental health.

Methods: This was a multisite single-blind randomized control trial of infants aged 12 to 40 weeks corrected age (CA) at risk for CP (General Movements or Hammersmith Infant Neurologic Examination).

How Can We Find Out What Indigenous Children and Their Families Need to Manage Weight? Lessons from Formative Nutrition Intervention Research with First Australians.

In Australia, Indigenous children have rates of overweight and obesity 1.5 times those of non-Indigenous children. Culturally safe and effective nutrition interventions are needed for this group.

Characteristics and health service utilization of children most at risk for prolonged temporary tube feeding.

Background: This study aimed to describe children at risk of prolonged temporary tube feeding and evaluate associations between tube feeding duration and child and health service variables.

Methods: A prospective medical hospital records audit was conducted between November 1, 2018, and November 30, 2019. Children at risk of prolonged temporary tube feeding were identified as having a tube feeding duration of >5 days.

The Pediatric Subjective Global Nutrition Assessment Classifies More Children With Cerebral Palsy as Malnourished Compared With Anthropometry.

Background: Nutrition assessment is multidimensional; however, much of the literature examining the nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy (CP) focuses on a single dimension.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate nutritional status in children and adolescents with CP by comparing results from the Pediatric Subjective Global Nutrition Assessment (SGNA) with results from traditional anthropometric measures.

Design: This study was a cross-sectional observational study.

Development and validation of a screening tool for feeding/swallowing difficulties and undernutrition in children with cerebral palsy.

Aim: To develop and validate a screening tool for feeding/swallowing difficulties and/or undernutrition in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: This cross-sectional, observational study included 89 children with CP (63 males, 26 females; median age 6y 0mo; interquartile range 4y 0mo-8y 11mo), across all Gross Motor Function Classification System levels. Children with feeding tubes were excluded.

Community-based parent-delivered early detection and intervention programme for infants at high risk of cerebral palsy in a low-resource country (Learning through Everyday Activities with Parents (LEAP-CP): protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood physical disability, with 80% estimated to be in low-middle-income countries. This study aims to (1) determine the accuracy of General Movements (GMs)/Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) for detecting CP at 18 months corrected age (CA); (2) determine the effectiveness of a community-based parent-delivered early intervention for infants at high risk of CP in West Bengal, India (Learning through Everyday Activities with Parents for infants with CP; LEAP-CP).

Methods: This study comprises two substudies: (1) a study of the predictive validity of the GMs and HINE for detecting CP; (2) randomised, double-blinded controlled trial of a novel intervention delivered through peer trainers (Community Disability Workers, CDW) compared with health advice (15 fortnightly visits).

Relationship between habitual physical activity, motor capacity, and capability in children with cerebral palsy aged 4-5 years across all functional abilities.

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have lower habitual physical activity (HPA) than their typically developing peers. There are limited studies of HPA in young children with CP under the age of 5 years.

Objective: To investigate the relationships between HPA, sedentary time, motor capacity and capability in children with CP aged 4-5 years.

Quality of life and habitual physical activity in children with cerebral palsy aged 5 years: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To compare quality of life (QOL) according to ambulatory status and to investigate association with habitual physical activity (HPA) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 5 years.

Methods: Fifty-eight participants were classified using Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) as level I = 33, II = 8, III = 6, IV = 3 and V = 8 and assessed for motor function using 66-item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66). Participants wore an ActiGraph triaxial accelerometer for 3 days to measure HPA.

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Cerebral Palsy.

Objectives: To determine the progression of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) in preschool-aged children with cerebral palsy (CP) according to gross motor function. It was hypothesized that fewer children would have OPD at 60 months compared with 18 to 24 months (predominately Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] I-II).

Methods: Longitudinal population-based cohort of 179 children (confirmed CP diagnosis, born in Queensland in 2006-2009, aged 18-60 months at study entry [mean = 34.

Parent-reported indicators for detecting feeding and swallowing difficulties and undernutrition in preschool-aged children with cerebral palsy.

Aim: To determine the most accurate parent-reported indicators for detecting (1) feeding/swallowing difficulties and (2) undernutrition in preschool-aged children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: This was a longitudinal, population-based study, involving 179 children with CP, aged 18 to 60 months (mean 34.1mo [SD 11.

Longitudinal physical activity and sedentary behaviour in preschool-aged children with cerebral palsy across all functional levels.

Aim: To investigate longitudinal changes of habitual physical activity (HPA) and sedentary time in children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 1 year 6 months to 5 years across all functional abilities.

Method: At study entry, 95 children (62 males, 33 females) were classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) at levels I (50), II (9), III (16), IV (6), and V (14). Physical activity was recorded on a total of 159 occasions at four possible time points: 1 year 6 months to 2 years; 2 years 6 months to 3 years; 4 years; and 5 years using ActiGraph for 3 days.

The Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System in a population-based sample of preschool children with cerebral palsy.

Aim: To determine (1) the reproducibility of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS); (2) EDACS classification distribution in a population-based cohort with cerebral palsy (CP); and (3) the relationships between the EDACS and clinical mealtime assessment, other classifications, and health outcomes.

Method: This was a cross-sectional population-based cohort study of 170 children with CP at 3 years to 5 years (mean 57.6mo, standard deviation [SD] 8.

Body composition, diet, and physical activity: a longitudinal cohort study in preschoolers with cerebral palsy.

Background: Altered body composition in children with cerebral palsy (CP) could be due to differences in energy intake, habitual physical activity (HPA), and sedentary time.

Objective: We investigated the longitudinal relation between the weight-for-age z score (WZ), fat-free mass (FFM), percentage of body fat (%BF), and modifiable lifestyle factors for all Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels (I-V).

Design: The study was a longitudinal population-based cohort study of children with CP who were aged 18-60 mo (364 assessments in 161 children; boys: 61%; mean ± SD recruitment age: 2.

Habitual Physical Activity in Children With Cerebral Palsy Aged 4 to 5 Years Across All Functional Abilities.

Purpose: To compare ambulatory status in children with cerebral palsy aged 4 to 5 years with their habitual physical activity and time spent sedentary, and to compare their activity with physical activity guidelines.

Methods: Sixty-seven participants-independently ambulant, marginally ambulant, and nonambulant-wore accelerometers for 3 days. Time spent sedentary as a percentage of wear time and activity counts were compared between groups.

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in children with cerebral palsy: comparisons between a high- and low-resource country.

Purpose: There is paucity of research investigating oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) in young children with cerebral palsy (CP), and most studies explore OPD in high-resource countries. This study aimed at determining the proportion and severity of OPD in preschool children with CP in Bangladesh, compared to Australia.

Method: Cross-sectional, comparison of two cohorts.

Validation of Accelerometer Cut-Points in Children With Cerebral Palsy Aged 4 to 5 Years.

Purpose: To derive and validate triaxial accelerometer cut-points in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and compare these with previously established cut-points in children with typical development.

Methods: Eighty-four children with CP aged 4 to 5 years wore the ActiGraph during a play-based gross motor function measure assessment that was video-taped for direct observation. Receiver operating characteristic and Bland-Altman plots were used for analyses.

Longitudinal Growth, Diet, and Physical Activity in Young Children With Cerebral Palsy.

Objectives: To describe the longitudinal relationship between height-for-age z score (HZ), growth velocity z score, energy intake, habitual physical activity (HPA), and sedentary time across Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to V in preschoolers with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: Children with CP (n = 175 [109 (62.2%) boys]; mean recruitment age 2 years, 10 months [SD 11 months]; GMFCS I = 83 [47.

Longitudinal Study of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Preschool Children With Cerebral Palsy.

Objectives: To determine changes in prevalence and severity of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and the relationship to health outcomes.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: Community and tertiary institutions.

Sedentary and Active Time in Toddlers with and without Cerebral Palsy.

Introduction/purpose: To evaluate differences in sedentary time and compare levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior to the Australian physical activity recommendations between toddlers with cerebral palsy (CP) according to functional capacity (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS]) and age-matched children with typical development (CTD).

Methods: Children (2.4 ± 0.

Food and fluid texture consumption in a population-based cohort of preschool children with cerebral palsy: relationship to dietary intake.

Aim: To determine the texture constitution of children's diets and its relationship to oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD), dietary intake, and gross motor function in young children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: A cross-sectional, population-based cohort study comprising 99 young children with CP (65 males, 35 females) aged 18 to 36 months (mean age 27mo; Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level I, n=45; II, n=13; III, n=14; IV, n=10; V, n=17). CP subtypes were classified as spastic unilateral (n=35), spastic bilateral (n=49), dyskinetic (n=5), and other (n=10), in accordance with the criteria of the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe.

Clinical signs suggestive of pharyngeal dysphagia in preschool children with cerebral palsy.

This study aimed to determine the discriminative validity, reproducibility, and prevalence of clinical signs suggestive of pharyngeal dysphagia according to gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). It was a cross-sectional population-based study of 130 children diagnosed with CP at 18-36 months (mean=27.4, 81 males) and 40 children with typical development (TD, mean=26.

Validity and reproducibility of measures of oropharyngeal dysphagia in preschool children with cerebral palsy.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the best measure to discriminate between those with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) and those without OPD, among young children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: We carried out a cross-sectional population-based study involving 130 children with CP aged between 18 months and 36 months (mean 27.4mo; 81 males, 49 females) classified according to the Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) as level I (n=57), II (n=15), III (n=23), IV (n=12), or V (n=23).

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in preschool children with cerebral palsy: oral phase impairments.

Purpose: This study aimed to document the prevalence and patterns of oral phase oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) in preschool children with cerebral palsy (CP), and its association with mealtime duration, frequency and efficiency.

Methods: Cross-sectional population-based cohort study of 130 children diagnosed with CP at 18-36 months ca (mean = 27.4 months, 81 males) and 40 children with typical development (mean = 26.