Clinical profile and treatment outcomes in acute retinal necrosis in a South Indian patient population.

Purpose: To look at the clinical profile, treatment methods, and outcomes in cases of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) from a tertiary eye care center.

Methods: Hospital-based retrospective observational study wherein cases of ARN presented between January 2016 and December 2023 were reviewed. Demographic details, clinical presentation, complications, management, and visual outcome were evaluated.

Endogenous Endophthalmitis Presenting with Iris Nodules.

Aim: We report a unique finding of iris nodules in a woman with endogenous endophthalmitis due to with no history of ocular surgery or trauma and good visual outcome.

Materials & Methods: Retrospective case report.

Results: A 39-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with a decrease in vision in the right eye of 1-month duration.

Prediction of probability of rubella based on eye outcomes (PORBEO Nomogram)-a cross-sectional sentinel surveillance of 1134 infants.

Introduction: Rubella is an important infectious, vaccine-preventable etiology of congenital defects. The aim of the study was to develop a prediction nomogram to assess the probability of an infant being at risk for congenital rubella based on demographics and ophthalmological findings.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional sentinel surveillance study conducted at 5 centers spanning pan-India and involved 1134 infants.

Uveitis, retinal vasculitis, and loss of accommodation as sole manifestations of demyelinating disease: A case report.

In this report we describe nongranulomatous uveitis followed by bilateral retinal vasculitis and much later by the loss of accommodation as initial presentations of demyelinating disease in a 42-year-old female with no other neurologic manifestations. The absence of demyelinating plaques in the initial magneric resonance imaging (MRI) (orbit and cranium) and its occurrence 2 years later, have been described as "lesions appearing with time". Extensive laboratory investigations ruled out infections, systemic vasculitis, and connective tissue disorders.

Digging Deeper for the Eye Proteome in Vitreous Substructures: A High-Resolution Proteome Map of the Normal Human Vitreous Base.

Mapping the normal eye proteome in healthy persons is essential to unravel the molecular basis of diseases impacting visual health. The vitreous occupies a large portion of the human eye between the lens and the retina and plays a significant role in vitreoretinal diseases as well as maintaining clarity in the visual field, providing nutrition to the lens, and protecting the eye from mechanical shocks. It comprises four distinct anatomical regions, namely the vitreous core, vitreous cortex, vitreous base, and anterior hyaloid.

What Makes Cornea Immunologically Unique and Privileged? Mechanistic Clues from a High-Resolution Proteomic Landscape of the Human Cornea.

Success rates of corneal transplantation are particularly high owing to its unique, innate immune privilege derived from a phenomenon known as Anterior Chamber-Associated Immune Deviation (ACAID). Of note, cornea is a transparent, avascular structure that acts as a barrier along with sclera to protect the eye and contributes to optical power. Molecular and systems biology mechanisms underlying ACAID and the immunologically unique and privileged status of cornea are not well known.

A scalable, self-sustaining model for screening and treatment of diabetic retinopathy in rural Karnataka.

The Indian health infrastructure is struggling to handle the burgeoning number of people with diabetes. Managing the complications of diabetes in an organized manner through the government health programs is still a distant reality. Here, we describe a program aimed at addressing the problem of diabetic retinopathy in rural areas of Tumkur district in Karnataka.

Near full thickness macular hole with an intact overlying internal limiting membrane following resolution of fulminant acquired toxoplasma retinitis -A unique finding.

A 43-year-old immunocompetent male presented with focal macular retinitis with overlying vitritis in the right eye. His BCVA was counting fingers close to face. OCT showed increased intraretinal thickness at the area of retinitis with adjacent hypo reflectivity of the choroid.

Seroprevalence of Lymes disease in the Nagarahole and Bandipur forest areas of South India.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Lymes disease in a population at risk in south India.

Methods: Prospective ongoing study and included screening of forest workers and staff of Nagarahole and Bandipur forest ranges in South India for Lymes disease. Screening included a detailed questionnaire for Lymes disease, complete ocular and systemic examination by an ophthalmologist and infectious disease specialist and blood collection.

Proteomics and Visual Health Research: Proteome of the Human Sclera Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Eye disorders and resulting visual loss are major public health problems affecting millions of people worldwide. In this context, the sclera is an opaque, thick outer coat covering more than 80% of the eye, and essential in maintaining the shape of the eye and protecting the intraocular contents against infection and the external environment. Despite efforts undertaken to decipher the scleral proteome, the functional and structural picture of the sclera still remain elusive.

Progressive, subretinal fibrosis mimicking retinal necrosis with poor visual prognosis in sympathetic ophthalmia: A rare finding.

We report a rare finding of progressive subretinal fibrosis mimicking retinal necrosis in 2 cases of sympathetic ophthalmia. Histopathology of the inciting eye and vitreous biopsy of the sympathizing eye ruled out infections and masquerades. Progression of inflammation and rapid deterioration of vision inspite of maximum immunosuppression are key findings in this variant of sympathetic ophthalmia.

Human Optic Nerve: An Enhanced Proteomic Expression Profile.

Ophthalmology and visual health are new frontiers for postgenomic research and technologies such as proteomics. In this context, the optic nerve and retina extend as the outgrowth of the brain, wherein the latter receives the optical input and the former relays the information for processing. While efforts to understand the optic nerve proteome have been made earlier, there exists a lacuna in its biochemical composition and molecular functions.

A Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Molecular Approach to Characterize a Tick Vector in Lyme Disease.

Next-generation sequencing approaches have revolutionized genomic medicine and enabled rapid diagnosis for several diseases. These approaches are widely used for pathogen detection in several infectious diseases. Lyme disease is a tick-borne infectious disease, which affects multiple organs.

Community care for diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma in India: A panel discussion.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and glaucoma are emerging causes of blindness and visual impairment in India and the world. Both diseases do not have any early warning symptoms, and once the symptoms appear, the diseases are reasonably advanced. Because of the long-standing nature of the diseases, one cannot adopt the cataract detection and treatment model so successfully developed in India.

Bilateral arterial occlusions masking retinitis in a HIV-positive male.

We report an interesting case of 36-year-old HIV-positive male with uveitis, cilioretinal artery occlusion in OD, and superotemporal branch retinal artery occlusion in OS. Hypercoagulability, cardiovascular, and rheumatologic workups were unremarkable. Aqueous taps were negative for toxoplasma, viruses, and MTb by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

Toward Postgenomics Ophthalmology: A Proteomic Map of the Human Choroid-Retinal Pigment Epithelium Tissue.

Ophthalmology and visual health research have received relatively limited attention from the personalized medicine community, but this trend is rapidly changing. Postgenomics technologies such as proteomics are being utilized to establish a baseline biological variation map of the human eye and related tissues. In this context, the choroid is the vascular layer situated between the outer sclera and the inner retina.

A Comprehensive Proteomics Analysis of the Human Iris Tissue: Ready to Embrace Postgenomics Precision Medicine in Ophthalmology?

The annual economic burden of visual disorders in the United States was estimated at $139 billion. Ophthalmology is therefore one of the salient application fields of postgenomics biotechnologies such as proteomics in the pursuit of global precision medicine. Interestingly, the protein composition of the human iris tissue still remains largely unexplored.

Proteomics of human aqueous humor.

The aqueous humor is a colorless, transparent fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye. It plays an important role in maintaining the intraocular pressure and providing nourishment to the lens and cornea. The constitution of the aqueous humor is controlled by the blood-aqueous barrier.

Chronic endophthalmitis due to Pyrenocheta romeroi in an immunocompetent host--a case report from southern India.

Purpose: Endophthalmitis due to Pyrenochaeta romeroi has not been reported in literature (PubMed, Medline). We report an interesting case of P. romeroi causing chronic endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent lady.

Proteomic analysis of human vitreous humor.

Background: The vitreous humor is a transparent, gelatinous mass whose main constituent is water. It plays an important role in providing metabolic nutrient requirements of the lens, coordinating eye growth and providing support to the retina. It is in close proximity to the retina and reflects many of the changes occurring in this tissue.

A draft map of the human proteome.

The availability of human genome sequence has transformed biomedical research over the past decade. However, an equivalent map for the human proteome with direct measurements of proteins and peptides does not exist yet. Here we present a draft map of the human proteome using high-resolution Fourier-transform mass spectrometry.

Characterizing the normal proteome of human ciliary body.

Background: The ciliary body is the circumferential muscular tissue located just behind the iris in the anterior chamber of the eye. It plays a pivotal role in the production of aqueous humor, maintenance of the lens zonules and accommodation by changing the shape of the crystalline lens. The ciliary body is the major target of drugs against glaucoma as its inhibition leads to a drop in intraocular pressure.

Comparison of profile of retinopathy of prematurity in semiurban/rural and urban NICUs in Karnataka, India.

Purpose: To identify and compare the profile of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature babies in urban and semiurban neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Methods: A prospective study of babies admitted to NICUs of two urban and seven semiurban centres. They were <36 weeks of gestational age and were subjected to fundus photography with a RetCam shuttle camera.

Associations of Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis in a South Indian patient population.

Background: The purpose of this study is to look for any possible associations in 58 consecutive cases of Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (FHI) in a South Indian patient population. Fifty-eight consecutive cases (59 eyes) of FHI underwent a detailed ocular and systemic evaluation. Routine laboratory investigations for uveitis including serum angiotensin-converting enzyme and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for toxoplasmosis (IgG and IgM) were done in all the cases.