Phase-field simulations were performed on the polar vortex array structure appearing in the SrTiO/PbTiO/SrTiO heterostructure to investigate the Kittel law relationship (w ∝ d) between the vortex array period (w) and the PbTiO ferroelectric layer thickness (d). Quasi-two-dimensional simulation results show that the equilibrium period can be determined from the relationship between the size of the simulation box and the total free energy density and that the obtained period obeys the Kittel law. However, three-dimensional simulation results show that the polar vortex arrays are not homogeneous in the direction perpendicular to the vortex plane.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInterfacial magnetic interactions between different elements are the origin of various spin-transport phenomena in multi-elemental magnetic systems. We investigate the coupling between the magnetic moments of the rare-earth, transition-metal, and heavy-metal elements across the interface in a GdFeCo/Pt thin film, an archetype system to investigate ferrimagnetic spintronics. The Pt magnetic moments induced by the antiferromagnetically aligned FeCo and Gd moments are measured using element-resolved x-ray measurements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
December 2022