Pulmonary drug delivery of clofazimine: A route of administration and pharmacokinetics guided repositioning strategy against drug resistant tuberculosis informed by use for other disease indications.

Current oral therapeutic regime of clofazimine (CFZ) in tuberculosis treatment is limited by poor pharmacokinetics, long t, and especially exposure-related systemic toxicity. This review critically evaluates pulmonary administration as a targeted delivery approach to reduce the dose and improve therapeutic efficacy. From the primarily anti-leprotic indication, CFZ has evolved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) diseases, small-cell lung cancer, and as an adjunct in therapies targeting immune checkpoints such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in cancer patients.

Dual drug-loaded self-wearable electrospun nanofibers for synergistic pharmacological intervention through tertiary hemostasis in prehospital trauma care.

Uncontrolled bleeding is a critical concern in both wartime and civilian trauma emergencies. Current mechanical hemostatic patches do not always suffice to control bleeding while also not addressing rebleeding, which is often observed during patient transportation. The unmet clinical need has led to exploration of drug-loaded hemostat dressings, providing mechanical hemostasis as well as drug delivery at the bleeding site to stabilize the clots.

Luminescent ultrashort peptide hydrogelator with enhanced photophysical implications and biocompatibility.

Luminescent peptide hydrogelators have garnered significant attention in biomedical sciences and materials chemistry due to their biological relevance and tunable photophysical features. In this work, we have designed and synthesized a novel ultrashort peptide hydrogelator comprising a tripeptide sequence (FFE) integrated with 1,8-naphthalimide (NI) as an aggregation-induced emissive unit having rich and tuneable photophysical properties. The hydrogelator could self-assemble and form a self-supporting hydrogel having a highly ordered intertwined network structure at pH 5.

Excipient-free inhalable combination shell-core microparticles with clofazimine as shell for extended pulmonary retention of isoniazid in core.

Pulmonary delivery of combination anti-tubercular drugs can prevent emergence of drug resistance and improve therapeutic efficacy. However, several drugs in anti-Tuberculosis combinations possess contrasting physicochemical properties that necessitate precise particle engineering with meticulous design for successful co-delivery. High dose requirements further constrain addition of excipients in the formulation.

Fmoc-conjugated dipeptide-based hydrogels and their pH-tuneable behaviour.

In this work, we designed three dipeptide-based hydrogelators by attaching different hydrophilic amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glutamine) to Fmoc-conjugated phenylalanine. Self-assembly and gelation of the three dipeptides were studied in 50 mM phosphate buffer solutions. The gelation efficiency and kinetics of glutamine-based hydrogelators (FQ) were better than those of aspartic acid and glutamic acid-based hydrogelators FD and FE respectively at neutral pH.

Biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic attributes to drive nanoformulations of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Buoyed by the discovery of small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (smTKIs), significant impact has been made in cancer chemotherapeutics. However, some of these agents still encounter off-target toxicities and suboptimal efficacies due to their inferior biopharmaceutical and/or pharmacokinetic properties. Almost all of these molecules exhibit significant inter- and intra-patient variations in plasma concentration-time profiles.

Supramolecular J- and H-Aggregation of Naphthalimide-Conjugated Dipeptide in Mixed-Solvent Systems and its Application in Cell Imaging.

In this work, a core-substituted NMI-conjugated dipeptide (4MNLV) was extensively studied in mixed solvent systems to explore the polarity effect on the self-assembly pattern and their photophysical property. 4MNLV adopted J- or H- type aggregation pattern depending upon the polarity index of the solvent system chosen. The self-assembly process was achieved through the anti-solvent effect.

Spatiotemporally Controlled Release of Etamsylate from Bioinspired Peptide-Functionalized Nanoparticles Arrests Bleeding Rapidly and Improves Clot Stability in a Rabbit Internal Hemorrhage Model.

Achieving rapid clotting and clot stability are important unmet goals of clinical management of noncompressible hemorrhage. This study reports the development of a spatiotemporally controlled release system of an antihemorrhagic drug, etamsylate, in the management of internal hemorrhage. Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptide-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles, with high affinity to bind with the GPIIa/IIIb receptor of activated platelets, were loaded with the drug etamsylate (etamsylate-loaded GRGDS peptide-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles; EGCSNP).

Vitamin D3-incorporated chitosan/collagen/fibrinogen scaffolds promote angiogenesis and endothelial transition via HIF-1/IGF-1/VEGF pathways in dental pulp stem cells.

Effective vascularization during wound healing remains a critical challenge in the regeneration of skin tissue. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) to endothelial phenotype transition (MEnDoT) is a potential phenomenon grossly underexplored in vascularized skin tissue engineering. Vitamin D3 has a proven role in promoting MEnDoT.