Outcomes of Endoscopic Management of Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Although endoscopic surgery has advanced the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, spontaneous leaks remain challenging due to their higher recurrence rates compared to other etiologies. This systematic review aims to identify factors influencing surgical success.

Data Sources: Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched on 26 October 2024, and updated on 9 June 2025.

Outcomes From Routine Use of Intraoperative Cholangiogram in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Factors Predicting Benefit From Selective Cholangiography.

Background and objective Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is used for the treatment of symptomatic gallstones. Intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) is used to diagnose common bile duct (CBD) stones. There is controversy surrounding routine vs selective use of IOC based on clinical, biochemical and ultrasound criteria.

A longitudinal investigation of the relationship between crowding and reading: A neurodegenerative approach.

We have previously documented two patients (FOL and CLA) with posterior cortical atrophy who achieved accurate and rapid reading despite deficits in ten measures of visual processing, with two notable exceptions: (1) a measure of visual acuity, (2) a measure of visual crowding. Subsequent longitudinal investigation of these patients was carried out, involving annual tests of early visual, visuoperceptual and visuospatial processing and assessment of reading ability. Follow-up assessments identified the evolution of a particular early visual processing deficit, excessive visual crowding; this deficit has been previously implicated in forms of dyslexia.

Facilitating text reading in posterior cortical atrophy.

Objective: We report (1) the quantitative investigation of text reading in posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), and (2) the effects of 2 novel software-based reading aids that result in dramatic improvements in the reading ability of patients with PCA.

Methods: Reading performance, eye movements, and fixations were assessed in patients with PCA and typical Alzheimer disease and in healthy controls (experiment 1). Two reading aids (single- and double-word) were evaluated based on the notion that reducing the spatial and oculomotor demands of text reading might support reading in PCA (experiment 2).